The incidence of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) in the Arab world, particularly, oil and gas rich Gulf Cooperative Council (GCC) countries has more than doubled in the last twenty years. Therefore, there is a dire need for careful systematic familial cohort studies, especially in high-risk populations. Several immunogenetic factors affect the pathogenesis of the disease. Genes in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) account for the major genetic susceptibility to the disease. The triggering agents initiate disease onset by destruction of pancreatic β-cells. The autoantibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA), insulinoma antigen-2 (IA-2A), insulin (IAA), and zinc transporter-8 (ZnT-8A) comprise the most reliable biomarkers for T1D in both children and adults. Although three of the GCC countries, namely Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Qatar are among the top 10 countries with high incidence rate of T1D, no proper diagnostic and prediction tools were applied in the region. Understanding the disease sequelae in a homogenous gene pool with high consanguinity in the GCC could help solve the challenges in understanding pathogenesis, as well as hasten the prevention of T1D. Arab states must incorporate T1D predictive and intervention policies on a war-footing basis to minimize the burden of this serious disease.

Cyclones, as powerful and destructive natural phenomena, have significant socio-economic consequences on the affected regions. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the socioeconomic impact of cyclones by examining the various dimensions of their effects on communities, infrastructure, economies, and livelihoods. Cyclones are severe weather events that have the potential to cause significant damage to both the environment and human societies. This paper aims to provide a concise overview of the geographical analysis and socio-economic impact of cyclones, examining their consequences on various aspects of society and the economy. By considering case studies and previous research, this analysis explores the short-term and longterm effects of cyclones on communities, infrastructure, livelihoods, and government response. The analysis highlights that the direct impact of cyclones on human lives is the most devastating aspect. The loss of life, injuries, and the ensuing emotional trauma have long-lasting consequences for affected individuals and communities. Moreover, the destruction of physical infrastructure, including housing, roads, power supply, and communication networks, impedes rescue and relief efforts, hinders economic activities, and slows down the recovery process.