Background. Extended thymectomy has been proven to improve the course of myasthenia gravis. Retrospective studies demonstrate that several techniques for thymectomy achieve overlapping remission rates. We therefore compared perioperative outcomes and costs among 3 approaches to thymectomy: sternotomy, video and/or robot assisted, and transcervical.Methods. To ensure similar study groups, we excluded patients with >4 cm or invasive tumors and those who underwent less than an extended thymectomy or concurrent procedures. Hospital costs were collected and analyzed by blinded finance personnel.Results. The final study group consisted of 25 transcervical, 23 video/robot-assisted, and 14 sternotomy subjects. There was a higher incidence of myasthenia gravis in the transcervical and sternotomy groups (P < 0.001) and of thymoma in the video/robot-assisted and sternotomy groups (P [ .002). Mean modified Charlson comorbidity score was higher for sternotomy (2.7 ± 2.1, mean ± SD) than transcervical (1.00 ± 0.58; P < .001) and video/robot-assisted (1.13 ± 0.97; P [ .001) procedures. There was no difference in complication rates between approaches (P [ 0.828). The cost of transcervical thymectomy was 45% of the cost of sternotomy (P < .001), and was 58% of the cost of video/robot-assisted (P [ .018) approaches; these differences remained highly significant on multivariate analysis. Transcervical thymectomy had a shorter mean length of stay (1.2 ± 0.5 days) than median sternotomy (4.4 ± 3.5; P < .001), and video/robot-assisted thymectomy (2.4 ± 0.95; P [ .045) and "bed cost" were major contributors to the cost difference between the groups.Conclusions. Transcervical thymectomy, which provides overlapping myasthenia gravis remission rates versus more invasive approaches, is equally safe and far less costly than sternotomy and video/robot-assisted approaches.

The costs of VATSL differ substantially among surgeons and are heavily influenced by the use of disposable equipment/devices. Surgeons can substantially reduce the costs of VATSL to far lower than those of THORL without compromising surgical outcomes through prudent use of costly instruments and technologies.