Based on the results of this study, subclinical hypothyroidism was as an exacerbating factor for migraine headache. Therefore, it is logical to check the thyroid function tests in migraineur children.

Topiramate is more effective than propranolol for pediatric migraine prophylaxis.

Purpose. We sought to investigate the utility of classification and regression trees (CART) classifier to differentiate benign from malignant nodules in patients referred for thyroid surgery. Methods. Clinical and demographic data of 271 patients referred to the Sadoughi Hospital during 2006–2011 were collected. In a two-step approach, a CART classifier was employed to differentiate patients with a high versus low risk of thyroid malignancy. The first step served as the screening procedure and was tailored to produce as few false negatives as possible. The second step identified those with the lowest risk of malignancy, chosen from a high risk population. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) of the optimal tree were calculated. Results. In the first step, age, sex, and nodule size contributed to the optimal tree. Ultrasonographic features were employed in the second step with hypoechogenicity and/or microcalcifications yielding the highest discriminatory ability. The combined tree produced a sensitivity and specificity of 80.0% (95% CI: 29.9–98.9) and 94.1% (95% CI: 78.9–99.0), respectively. NPV and PPV were 66.7% (41.1–85.6) and 97.0% (82.5–99.8), respectively. Conclusion. CART classifier reliably identifies patients with a low risk of malignancy who can avoid unnecessary surgery.

O r i g i n a l A r tic le 266 I NTRO D U C TIO NBreast milk is the single best food source for infants. However, the breast milk of mothers on normal diets only contains 25-78 IU/L of vitamin D and is therefore insufficient as a source of vitamin D for infants.(1) The optimal blood level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) in newborns is as yet unknown.(1,2) However, it is generally accepted that a serum 25OHD level of 11 ng/mL in newborns is sufficient to prevent rickets (2,3) and that a serum 25OHD level of more than 30 ng/mL is necessary to control secondary hyperparathyroidism as well as increase calcium absorption. Serum 25OHD levels of more than 30 ng/mL are accepted as ideal, and 25OHD levels less than 20 ng/mL are considered deficient. [6][7][8][9][10] In view of such studies, we attempted to determine the time needed to attain sufficient levels of serum 25OHD in vitamin D-deficient newborns on two different vitamin D

Background:Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignancy among children for whom radiotherapy and chemotherapy are used for treatment. When hypothalamus-pituitary axis is exposed to radiotherapy, children's hormone level and quality of life are influenced. The aim of this study is to determine late effects of radiotherapy on hormonal level in these patients.Materials and Methods:In this study 27 children with ALL, who have been referred to Shahid Ramezanzadeh Radiation Oncology Center in Yazd-Iran and received 18-24 Gy whole brain radiation with Cobalt 60 or 9 MV linear accelerator, were assessed. These patient's basic weight, height and hormonal levels were measured before radiotherapy and also after different periods of time.Results:GHD (growth hormone deficiency) after clonidine stimulation test was observed in 44% (n=12) and that in 50% of them (n=6), less than 1 year, had been passed from their radiation therapy. None of these patients demonstrated hormone deficiency in other axes.Conclusions:This study showed that even application of a 18-24 Gy radiation dose might influence growth hormone levels; therefore, we recommend reduction of radiotherapy dose in such patients whenever possible.