Background: Childhood cancer is an overwhelming life event that can completely change the lives of the sufferers and their parents. Todays, advances of medical science have shifted the fetal nature of childhood cancer to chronic one exposing children and their family to behavioral and psychosocial problems. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of filial therapy on children's depressive symptoms and their mother's stress, anxiety, and depression. Materials and Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, 32 mothers with their children who suffered from cancer were recruited (16 in each group). During a 10-week training sessions, filial therapy group underwent child-parent relation therapy (CPRT). Training sessions were held once a week. Control group received no training and only individual counseling sessions were held for them we needed. Both groups were assessed before and after the intervention using depression, anxiety, and stress questionnaire-21 (DASS-21), children depression inventory (CDI), and Wong-Baker faces pain rating scale (WBFPRS). Sample randomization and data analysis were conducted by using SPSS (version 20) and running independent t-test and chi-square test. P value< 0.05 was set as the significant level. Results: Mothers in the filial therapy group experienced significant decrease in their level of depression, anxiety, and stress in the posttest (p < 0.001). In contrast to filial therapy group, mothers in the control group did not show an improvement in their level of depression, anxiety, and stress. Moreover, the results of the current investigative showed that depression of children in the filial therapy group significantly reduced at post-test (p < 0.001). On the other hand, the mean of children's depression in the control group remained steady. Conclusion: The findings of the present study revealed that using filial therapy could reduce the depression of children with cancer and their parent's depression, anxiety, and stress. Accordingly, we suggest filial therapy programs as a routine for addressing psychosocial problems of children with cancer and their families.

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Objective: The elderly population in Iran is growing. Aging is a natural phenomenon that causes changes in brain structures, including the frontal lobe and its connections, which are responsible for the brain’s executive functions. These structural changes lead to problems in cognitive and physical functioning. Older people face problems such as decreased performance in daily activities of life and participation in social activities. In cognitive orientation to the daily occupational performance approach, the participants learn to improve their motor performance using cognitive strategies. The effectiveness of this approach has been reported in stroke, Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), and some childhood disorders. This study aimed to investigate this approach’s feasibility and its effect on the Iranian elderly without cognitive problems. Materials & Methods: A single-subject study A-B design with follow-up was conducted. The participants were two older adults referred to Ramsar Health Center, Ramsar City, Iran. Before the intervention, to examine the participants’ cognitive status, we used Digit Span Forward to measure attention and Digit Span Backwards and Digit Symbol to measure working memory. The participants’ executive function was also assessed by the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and Independence in Activity of Daily Living (ADL) with Functional Independent Measure (FIM). Each participant selected three functional goals by Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) for the focus of the Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) intervention. After two weeks of evaluating participants’ performance on selected goals using the Performance Quality Rating Scale (PQRS) to determine baseline performance, the intervention period began. During this period, a total of 8 to 10 sessions were held for each participant. In these sessions, the participants were first taught global problem-solving strategies (Goal, Plan, Do, Check), and then they were introduced to domain-specific strategies and their importance in executing activities. Afterward, through guided discovery during implementation, they were directed to use these strategies in their execution by guided discovery. During this period, the participant’s performance on the selected goals was assessed five times by the PQRS. At the end of the intervention, to evaluate the long-term impact of the intervention, the participant’s performance on the selected goals was re-evaluated by the PQRS three times. Results: The PQRS results showed that the performance of the first participant in each of the three selected activities improved. The results of the PQRS for the second participant showed a significant improvement in performance on the two selected goals. However, one of the selected goals did not show a significant change, which may be related to this goal’s nature. Participants’ net scores in FIM and COPM showed improved performance and satisfaction on selective goals, and performance independence remained constant. Conclusion: The CO-OP approach is feasible in the Iranian elderly population, and the preliminary results indicate the positive impact of this approach on improving the performance in the trained goals. However, given the study limitations in interpreting the results, it is recommended that future studies with a larger sample size be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness and efficacy of this approach. It is also recommended to use alternative tools instead of PQRS to evaluate the results, given the different cultural contexts.