After MTBI, serum S100B protein levels are significantly associated with the presence of intracranial lesions on CT scan. Measuring the protein could be useful in screening high risk MTBI patients and decreasing unnecessary CT examinations.

Objective:To evaluate the validity, reliability, sensitivity, and specificity of the Emergency Severity Index (ESI) and Australasian Triage System (ATS) for children visiting admitted to the emergency department (ED). Methods: This was a prospective study occurred in the Mofid children's Hospital in Iran from August 2017 to November 2018 and children had aged ≤14 years and presented at the ED with a medical symptom were considered eligible for participation. This study was divided into two phases: in the first phase, we determined the inter-rater reliability of ESI version 4 and ATS by triage nurses and pediatric residents. In the second phase, to analyze the validity, sensitivity, and specificity of each triage system. Reliability and agreement rates were measured using kappa statistics. Results:ESI showed inter-rater reliability with kappa of 0.65–0.92 (P<0.001) and ATS showed inter-rater reliability with kappa of 0.51–0.87 ESI had sensitivity ranged from 81% to 95% and specificity ranged from 73% to 86%. In addition, sensitivity ranged of the ATS were 80% to 95% and specificity ranged from 74% to 87%. Under triage and over triage occurred in 12% and 15% of patients respectively in ESI and 13% and 15% of patients respectively in ATS.Conclusion:The ESI and ATS both valid to triage children in the ED section of Mofid children's Hospital paediatric. Reliability of the ESI is good, moderate to good for the ATS.

OBJECTIVE:Vertigo, the hallucination of movement of oneself or one's surroundings, can have substantial adverse effects on the quality of life of affected patients. It is essential to decrease the frequency, severity, and duration of vertigo attacks using effective medications with minimal debilitating adverse effects. We performed a meta-analysis of available clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy of histamine antagonists in the treatment of vertigo compared to the rate of resolution in untreated control groups. MATERIALS and METHODS:A systematic search of articles in any language from January 1970 to March 2015 was performed through the following databases: the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, the Excerpta Medica Database, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Google. Randomized controlled trials comparing each kind of antihistamine to untreated control participants in the treatment of vertigo (blinded/unblinded) were screened for inclusion. Three reviewers separately performed data extraction from the included trials using a standard data abstraction form. Three other researchers read the final list of all articles retained. Discrepancies were settled by mutual consensus between the authors. Random effects models were applied to estimate the pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) using the Review Manager software. The evaluation of publication bias was performed by Egger's test and Begg's funnel plot. RESULTS:We identified 13 eligible citations. The pooled OR was 5.370, 95% CI (3.263-8.839), and I2=56.0%, with no obvious evidence of publication bias. CONCLUSION:Our results provide clarification of the effectiveness of several categories of histamine antagonists compared with placebos in controlling peripheral vertigo.

Serum S100B measurement along with clinical evaluation of patients with mild traumatic brain injury has promising screening value to support selection of patients for CT scanning.

AIM:This study aimed to compare the effects of dexmedetomidine and propofol in controlling the hemodynamic response following intubation of patients’ candidate intubation in the emergency departmentMETHODS:A total of 114 patients were randomly assigned to one of 2 groups to receive one of the following treatments: dexmedetomidine 0.4 µg/kg (Group D, n = 57) and propofol 1–1.5 mg/kg/h (Group P, n = 57). Hemodynamic data such as the systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, arterial oxygen saturation and heart rate (HR) were recorded from the entrance to operation room to 5, 10 and 15 min after tracheal intubationRESULTS:Compared with group D, group P exhibited increases in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), and systolic blood pressure significantly at all times and immediately after the endotracheal intubation. Moreover, the mean diastolic blood pressure changes due to tracheal intubation in group P were significantly more than group D immediately after the intubation. Furthermore, the mean heart rate changes immediately and 5 min after tracheal intubation was significantly higher in group PCONCLUSION:Our data suggest that the benefits of dexmedetomidine more than propofol in hemodynamic stability because propofol was associated with more variability in systolic/diastolic blood pressure, HR and MAP after endotracheal intubation.