Reward-dependence and self-transcendence scores were significantly lower in patients with MOH than in those with EM. These results suggest that people with lower reward-dependence and self-transcendence scores may not adequately respond to prescribed medications, leading them to the frequent use of multiple drugs at higher doses. A multidisciplinary approach to management may be suggested for migraine patients, and it is reasonable to consider behavioral therapy in conjunction with pharmacotherapy to ameliorate comorbid conditions.

It is often believed and expected that a clear relationship exists between human personality and human preferences in architecture. However, by reviewing the findings of previous studies, it is found out that such expectation is not necessarily true, as there is no consistency among previous findings. This study provides a critical review and overall classification of various research approaches and assessment methods used in previous studies. In addition, the theoretical and practical shortcomings of each approach have been introduced. Next, the psychological approach is recommended as a more feasible one, and the studies carried out using this approach are structurally analyzed. The theoretical frameworks, strategies and the execution tactics of these researches were critically reviewed. Finally, a systematic quadruple model was suggested for evaluating aesthetic experiences and judgments. After presenting the manifest and the hidden variables with this model, machine learning helped to discover the hidden patterns in the personality and human preferences.

Personalization of different aspects of architectural designs is one of the most novel issues in the modern world. The present study aimed to predict the association between personality traits and architectural preferences. A total of 352 participants with architectural (experts) and nonarchitectural (nonexperts) education were asked to complete a demographic profile and the NEO Five-Factor Personality Inventory. They were then asked to choose their preferred images, which were previously rated based on three aesthetic variables, that is, color-contrast, abstractness-concreteness, and spatial openness, in a series of two-alternative forced-choice questions. By using a random forest classifier, an accuracy of 73 to 84% was achieved for the variables. Due to the complexity of rules in the random forest model, data were explored for more interpretable rules, and a rule-based classifier (Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis software) was used. Based on the findings, introverts had the opposite behavior compared to the general population; they preferred images of enclosed spaces and with high color contrast. They also preferred popular architectural styles to high-style designs. Otherwise, the preference for greater spatial openness was common in both expert and nonexpert groups, although it was more noticeable in female extroverts. Nonexperts with high levels of openness to experience were mostly attracted to abstract images. Experts and nonexperts showed similar preferences in terms of color contrast and spatial openness, while there was a significant difference between the two groups regarding their preferred abstract and concrete concepts. In conclusion, educational background and personality traits could influence aesthetic preferences.

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a well-known organism that can be part of the normal gastrointestinal and genital tract flora. However, it can cause various infections, mostly in neonates, pregnant women, and patients with predisposing factors. Meningitis caused by GBS, though common in neonates, is uncommon in adults, especially those with no previous health issues. Here, we present an unusual case of GBS meningitis in a 22-year-old previously healthy man. He came to the emergency room with complaints of acute headache and an altered level of consciousness, and his cerebrospinal fluid analysis was consistent with bacterial meningitis due to Streptococcus agalactiae. Later, vesicular lesions on his face caused by varicellazoster virus (VZV) infection complicated his situation. He received intravenous ceftriaxone and dexamethasone and oral acyclovir. He had a complete recovery and was discharged without any sequelae. Though uncommon, this serious condition needs prompt diagnosis and treatment due to its high mortality rate. To our knowledge, this is one of the few known cases of GBS meningitis in a previously healthy adult and the only one to report VZV infection as a possible complication.