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INTRODUCTION Cesarean section (C-section) is one of the most prevalent surgeries among women. The preoperative stages in the surgery day and lack of control over being in an unfamiliar situation and feeling danger cause anxiety, and consequently, instability in patients. This study aimed to determine the effect of familiarization with preoperative nursing care on anxiety and vital signs of patients in cesarean section. METHODS This randomized controlled trial study was performed on 80 pregnant candidates for C-section in Hamadan Fatemieh Hospital, Iran, in 2020. Patients were randomly divided into control (n=40) and intervention (n=40) groups. The control group just received the routine intervention of the hospital, but the intervention group, in addition, received the two familiarizing sessions with preoperative nursing care. Data were collected via vital signs sheet and Spielberger situational anxiety questionnaire and were analyzed using SPSS16 software at a significance level of p=0.05. RESULTS Before the intervention, there was no significant difference between the mean anxiety scores of the control and intervention groups, and the two groups were homogeneous (p=0.396). However, after the intervention, the mean anxiety of the intervention group decreased significantly (p=0.001) and increased in the control group (p=0.600); and the mean post-test of the two groups showed a significant difference (p=0.001). After the intervention, the mean heart rate, respiration rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the intervention group decreased significantly (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in heart rate and systolic blood pressure of the control group (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Based on the results of this study we conclude that familiarity with preoperative care reduces the level of anxiety and stabilized the level of vital signs parameters.

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Background: The excessive increase of cesarean section and the mother's attitude towards performing a cesarean section, despite the health-related complications for mother, fetus, and newborn, are a current global concern. Identifying risk factors can be effective in reducing the maternal and infant mortality. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore risk factors threatening the health of the mother, fetus, and newborn in cesarean section.Methods: The present study is a grounded theory which was performed from December 2019 to July 2020 in Fatemieh Hospital, Hamadan / Iran. Purposive and theoretical sampling was used to recruit Gynecologist, anesthesiologists, pediatricians, operating room and anesthesia experts, and midwives working in the operating room. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 participants. Constant comparative analysis together with data collection. The analysis included open, axial, and selective coding to achieve data saturation. EQUATOR guidelines for qualitative research (COREQ) were applied.Results: After analyzing the data, 8 sub-categories and 3 main categories were extracted. The three main themes extracted from the interviews were as follows: (1) Background factors with sub-categories “high-risk pregnancy, unusual fetus, and background risk factor ", (2) Environmental factors with sub-categories "poor operating room facilities, lack of proper electro-surgery safety measures, excessive workload" and (3) Human factors with sub-categories "lack of medical team skills and by individual error of the medical team ".Conclusion: The results of this study provide an in-depth look at the risk factors threatening the health of the Mother, the Fetus and Newborn in cesarean section. According to the results of this study, obstetrics and gynecology operating rooms can prevent the occurrence of risks by using appropriate management methods and provide safe care to patients.