Artículo de publicación ISISin acceso a texto completoAgriculture and food systems are important determinants of nutrition and consequent public health. However, an understanding of the links among agriculture, food systems, nutrition, public health and the associated policy levers, is relatively under-developed. A framework conceptualizing these key relationships, relevant to a range of country contexts, would help inform policymakers as to how agriculture and food policy could improve nutrition and public health, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). The objectives of this paper are: to present a conceptual framework, relevant to a range of country contexts and focused on the policymaker as the user, which depicts the key relationships among agriculture, the food system, nutrition and public health; and to describe how the framework can be used for understanding the impacts of agriculture and food system policies on nutrition outcomes. Existing conceptual frameworks, highlighting the relationships among agriculture, the food system, nutrition and public health (n = 37) were identified, reviewed and categorized, based on the key themes they address. Building on this analysis and synthesis a conceptual framework was developed that assists in identifying associated policy levers and their effects on elements of the framework. The end product is a conceptual framework that presents key domains linking agriculture and food systems to nutritional outcomes and public health. The framework is relevant to a range of contexts, for example low-, middle- and high-income settings; and to policymakers wishing to examine the potential direct and indirect impacts of agriculture and food system policies

Background: Rapid economic growth, urbanization and globalization have resulted in dietary transformation in India. Triple burden of malnutrition remains a significant concern, with high prevalence of undernutrition, widespread micronutrient deficiencies and rising obesity. Objective: This paper reviews the dietary transition in India by analysing trends in food consumption across time and space. Methods: Household consumption survey data from 1993 to 2012 are analysed to examine both national and state level trends to investigate how diets have changed and vary across the country. Typical Indian diets are characterised using k-mean cluster analysis, and associated with socioeconomic and geographical aspects. 2 Results: The paper finds that on average Indian household diets have diversified slowly but steadily since the nineties. Indians diets have shifted away from cereals to higher consumption of milk. However, progress on micronutrient-rich food groups such as fruits, vegetables, meat and egg has been worryingly slow. Even by 2012 about a fifth of rural Indian households did not consume fruits or milk, while more than half of both urban and rural households did not consume any meat, fish or eggs. Five predominant dietary types are identified. Sections of the Indian households do consume reasonably balanced diets, but large percentages consume cereal-focused, dairy-focused or processed foods heavy diets with high processed food content. Conclusions: Diets in India have not transformed sufficiently to overcome major gaps in intakes of micronutrient rich foods. Large regional heterogeneities in diets call for regionally differentiated strategies to improve diets.