Teachers use several methods to teach children in Early childhood Education classes. Storytelling and play-way methods are employed to teach initial concepts in a conducive and stimulating learning environment. The purpose of this study was to identify the mindfulness, utilization, and challenges faced by ECE teachers while teaching through these methods. The phenomenological design was employed by using a qualitative research approach. The ten ECE schoolteachers were selected as participants, who were teaching to grade one student through the purposive sampling technique. Self-developed semi-structured interviews were carried out, and the data were transcribed into codes and themes. The research revealed that teachers were more aware of the storytelling method than the play way method. They were facing different challenges while using the storytelling and play-way method at the ECE level. It is recommended that resource rooms should be established for the provision of the best opportunities for training to ECE teachers.

The present study was aimed to investigate teachers' perceptions about problems and prospects of the Diploma of Associate Engineers (DAE) program in Punjab. All the teachers (Civil, Electrical and Mechanical) teaching to DAE students in District Punjab were the population of the study. Fifteen teachers from 8 colleges of technologies were selected randomly; therefore, 120 teachers were selected as a sample of the study. A survey questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents. The reliability of the instrument was 0.91. Findings revealed that teachers were more focused on the curriculum developed by TEVTA authorities, physical infrastructure and teachers' methods of teaching. Moreover, teachers, according to their experience, have differences of opinions regarding administrative facilities and assessment system in TEVTA institutions. Teachers, on the basis of their experience, have differences of opinions regarding administrative facilities and a proper monitoring system. It is recommended that the curriculum should revise periodically, along with the demand of the industry.

The present study was conducted in order to determine the frequency of pvl gene among the pathogenic and healthy population isolates of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Methicillin Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). For this purpose, nasal swab samples were collected from the healthy individuals (to be used as controls, all the samples were collected irrespective of the sex and age factors), the pathogenic samples were collected from different patients suffering from skin &soft tissue infections caused by S. aureus (to be used as test samples).Both of these population samples were analyzed for the presence of pvl gene. S.aureus were identified through conventional microbiological identification procedures. In the case of normal samples, 70 nasal swabs were collected and only 33 (47%) proved to be S. aureus while 20 pathogenic samples were collected and all (100%) were cleared as S. aureus. For further distribution of samples into MRSA and MSSA, antibiotic susceptibility pattern was checked by using the standard protocols of Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Two antibiotic discs Oxacillin (OX: 1ug) and cefoxitin (FOX: 30ug) were used. Among healthy population, MRSA was found to be 79% (n=26) and MSSA were present as 21% (n= 7). Among pathogenic strains 100% MRSA was detected where n= 20. Detection of pvl gene among the MRSA and MSSA isolates was done by using the uniplex PCR followed by gel electrophoresis. MRSA and MSSA of normal healthy population carried 49% and 7% pvl gene respectively. While, pathogenic MRSA samples carried 46% pvl gene among them. Potentially alarming percentage of pvl gene is present among the normal healthy individuals which indicates a future threat and a major health concern.

Present study was aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the Diploma of Associate Engineers (DAE) Program working under TEVTA. The population of the study was comprised of all the employees (Civil, Mechanical and Electrical) working in public and private organizations in Punjab. Employees were selected on a convenient basis. Therefore, 143 employees were a sample of the study. A questionnaire for employees was adapted to collect the data. The reliability of the instrument was 0.847. Findings revealed that employees were satisfied with the DAE curriculum, physical facilities, and administrative facilities at their workplace. On the other hand, employees were not very satisfied with their assessment and evaluation systems and social factors affecting their workplaces. A significant mean difference was found in employees perceptions regarding the effectiveness of DAE regarding their locale, job type, and trade. It is recommended that DAE graduates might be trained according to the industry demand rather than conventional knowledge.

Introduction: Relapse in patients of opiod addiction is very common. Dynamics of addiction relapse are not fully understood as yet. Psychiatrists would explain it on basis neurotransmitter mediated disorders like anxiety, depression, OCD, lack of impulse control and etc. For sociologist relapse is an outcome of contradictions with in society. For a psychologist it is due to maladaptive life style. In this study integrated approach has been adopted to find out relative importance of different factors implicated in relapse. Method: Team of psychiatrists, psychologists, addiction counselor identified different causes of relapse in patients with opiod addiction. They designed graded scale in which 10 factors were included. Study group was comprised of hundred relapsed patients. They filled Performa's according to their personal experiences. Regression method was used for factor analysis. Results: Statistical analysis revealed that peer group pressure, anhedonia, and premature ejaculation are first, second and third, factors respectively. Factors like pains and aches, insomnia, impulsivity and etc followed. Discussion: Every relapse prevention program should adopt policy keeping in view relative importance of causes of relapse. For peer pressure narcotic anonymous meeting is the best solution. Anhedonia is due to reduction dopaminergic input at nucleus accumben. Dopamine agonist drugs like bupropion can be used for that. Inordinate sexual behavior and substance abuse are strongly associated. Premature ejaculation plays vital role in relapse of patients of opiod addiction. Sex therapy and drugs like SSRI,s and gabapentine can improve intra vaginal latency time. Conclusion: Factor analysis can be helpful in relapse prevention program.