Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) are designed for monitoring the patient’s conditions and assist them in critical health situation. Tiny size wireless sensors sense the data related to patient health. Further, the sensed data sends to base station for further process. The base station sends the data to the nearest sink node or to the nearest medical center or hospital. In order to complete this entire process, wireless sensors need efficient routing without any error or delay. The routing protocols have been suffered with various challenges and issues which are related to the routing and energy issues. This paper provides a comprehensive survey of important existing routing protocols for WBANs. Paper also discusses the protocols strengths, limitations with their critical analysis.

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important staple foods. High concentration of sodium chloride severely affects plants in general and wheat in specific. In this study the ameliorative effects of ascorbic acid (AsA) against sodium chloride stress were investigated in two commercial wheat cultivars (Galaxy 2013 and Akbar 2019). Experiments were conducted in three replicates. Two levels of salt (0, 150 mM) along with exogenous application of ascorbic acid (0, 30 mM, 60 mM) were applied at three leaves seedling stage. At the establishment of treatments, data regarding physiological, biochemical and yield attributes were recorded and subjected to statistical analysis. The application of AsA significantly (p≤0.05) improved growth, yield and key physiological attributes in tested wheat varieties under salinity stress. Overall wheat genotype Akbar 2019 showed better growth under salt stress. It is concluded from this study that AsA may be used to mitigate salinity effects in wheat.

Bacterial and viral therapies have gained enough success and attention for biological cancer treatments. There is a need to protect the living tissues of the body that are helpful for activating the immune responses. Many failures are associated with the conservational therapies that render them for the current era of medical sciences. Viral and bacterial genomes have been used for targeting the initial basis of metastasis and inhibiting the growth of cancerous cells. S. pyogenes OK-432 strain showed action against cancerous cells with intact bindings to the proliferative tissues. Phenazine 1-carboxylic acids have anticancer nature and pose a high level of cytotoxicity against the. Salmonella strain (KST0650) showed maximum potential against CT26 cancer cells. Oncolytic biologically and virologically group of the controlled viruses that have been used for tumor treatment. Some critical cancers under medications such as hormone therapy- induced helpful for prolonged life span. Pro-active drugs and combinations of probiotics also prevent the bacteria from synthesizing the protective layer of peptidoglycan.

Respiratory tract infections are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality accounting for millions of deaths worldwide. Treatment of these infections is usually based upon symptomatic relief through antibiotics. This study was designed to investigate bacterial RTI and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern determined by Kirby Bauer’s disc diffusion method. Sputum samples (n=48) were analyzed to determine the bacterial infections and relationship with age, gender and social status of patients was determined. Results of the study revealed that higher number of samples (61%) were positive for Pseudomonas spp.14 (29.16%). Other contributing bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus (12.5%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (16.7%), Streptococcus spp. (12.5%), Acinetobacter spp. (14.58%), E. coli (6.25%) and some other coliforms (8.33%). Number of cases was more in adult males than females and the incidence was gradually increasing with age due to consistent habit of smoking. Socioeconomic analysis of data revealed that maximum number of patients visiting hospital for UTI belongs to rural areas followed by small cities and developed cities. It is concluded that adult males having low socioeconomic status with habit of smoking or tobacco consumption are at greater risk of UTI.

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is the most important food and energy crop worldwide. In the present study, an efficient Agrobacterium mediated transformation and regeneration system for sugarcane cultivar SPF-234 was established. Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains EHA101and LBA4404 using vector pIG121 Hm, having GUS, HPTII and NPTII genes were used. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and histochemical assays confirmed the GUS gene expression. A 620 bp fragment from GUS positive plants was amplified. The GUS expressing putative transformants were 35% of the total plants formed under 30 minute immersion time and 72 hr of incubation period. The co-cultivation media having 60 µM acetosyringone produced 66% GUS expressing plants for LBA4404 and 58% for EHA101. The maximum average number of directly produced shoot (59.5%) from leaf explant was in M6 media having 1.00 mg/l 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 2.5 mg/l Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). A significant decrease (17%) was observed when auxin (NAA) concentration was increased to 4.0 mg/l. The best response of shoot elongation was observed in SE4 media having equal concentration (2.00 mg/l) of both kinetin and BAP. Increased concentrations of kinetin significantly decreased shoot elongation of the subject cultivar. Agrobacterium strain LBA4404 performed better for genetic transformation of the said sugarcane cultivar.This quick and less expensive transformation and direct regeneration system could be exploited for sugarcane on commercial scale in general, and for this elite cultivar in particular.