While the music industry significantly values music content production, it has also triggered disputes regarding copyrights and the attribution of interests within the same context. The value flow for the pre-digitalization and digitalization periods were compared before collecting typical work data from studio stakeholders involved in the content production of an original song. In this case study, the developing value flow was established from the perspectives of the content production team, which satisfied the scarcity of the commercial music production model. The findings indicated that individuals in the digital music industry value chain (MIVC) receive a bidirectional value flow, which represents its sustainability. The closed loop in the music business has been speculated to be the potential reason for internal frictions, which manifest as copyright conflict. The discussion proposes solutions for a healthier market, which may contribute to the higher quality production of musicians.

Teachers are one of the highest demanding professional voice users. They are believed to have an increased risk of developing voice disorder, and the cause is often associated with several factors such as high vocal demands, unfavourable working conditions, lifestyle, and lack of knowledge in vocal health. Vocal disorder not only affects teachers in conducting and managing classes. It also affects their daily interaction with people and contributes to the decline of their physical and emotional health. This study aims to understand teachers' current vocal condition better and measure teachers' knowledge of vocal care. An online survey was conducted; 40 teachers, 33 females and 7 males, responded to the study. The study reviewed that teachers voice feels dry (51.22%), sore (24.39%) and pain (12.20%) after a day of teaching and 78% of the teachers experience at least once vocal discomfort in a year. In conclusion, the insights and perception of vocal health base on self-report information of voice condition and lifestyle of teachers pertinent to this geographical location will be helpful in the development of vocal health programs for teachers in Malaysia.

The lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic created big challenge to choir rehearsal and performance worldwide. Virtual choir has then emerged as a new global phenomenon where technology is used to reunite the choir members virtually during the lockdown. While virtual choirs had almost become the new standard for choir rehearsals and performances, it remained unknown if virtual choirs can provide an equal effective learning experience to the choir members. This study aimed to gauge the choir members' overall experiences on both virtual rehearsal and performance, this study also aimed to find out the members' selfreflection and satisfaction when redefining effectiveness in choir rehearsals as well as comparing the differences in terms of virtual experience reception between the universities' choirs and the community choirs in Malaysia. A total of 112 participants in Malaysia were recruited through purposive sampling method where 83 (74.1%) were from the universities' choirs and 29 (25.9%) participants came from the community choirs. Data were collected through online questionnaires on Google Form. Results demonstrated that choir members from both university choirs and community choirs faced similar challenges on virtual choir rehearsal and performances, whilst the community choir members are more tolerant and receptive of the virtual choir forms compared to the universities' choir members.

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease in which the symptoms of the disease are worsen over time. Core symptoms of the disease are such as tremor-at-rest, rigidity, postural instability, and bradykinesia. Apart from these motor-problems, other problems such as sleep disorder, sensory abnormalities, neuropsychiatric disorders also exist. In addition to the motor-problems, latest literature documented 80-90% of the people with Parkinson's Disease (PwP) are prone to develop voice impairment known as Parkinsonian Dysarthria, when symptoms deteriorate, causing loss of communication, difficulties in swallowing and breathing that are psychologically devastating and life threatening. Growing research in music therapy (MT) and music-based rehabilitative activities worldwide documented positive effects on PwP. A local research using therapeutic singing as rehabilitative model at the Malaysian Parkinson's Disease Association (MPDA) also have reported positive benefits in improving vocal problems in the Malaysian PwP. In this research, some primary and preliminary data on the vocal characteristic, including baseline vocal loudness (VL), pitch range (PR) and respiratory rate (RR) were obtained among 22 local PwP prior to examining effects of singing on PwP. Findings of this study showed that the PwP speak softer than the normal accepted range. The findings also showed that they have tendency to develop rapid breathing, and their average pitch range while singing is limited within the range of G#3 -B4. These findings can further propose guidelines for voice rehabilitation models based on the preliminary voice characteristics concluded in this study.