Compared with population-based screening for breast cancer with annual CBE, universal biennial mammography resulted in a substantial reduction in breast cancer deaths, whereas risk-based biennial mammography resulted in only a modest benefit. Compared with annual CBE, risk-based and universal mammography screening did not result in significant overdiagnosis of breast cancer.

IMPORTANCE Previous studies have found that glaucoma is associated with impaired patient-reported vision-related quality of life (pVRQOL) but few, to our knowledge, have assessed how the visual field (VF) defect location impacts the pVRQOL. OBJECTIVE To investigate the associations of VF defects in the superior vs inferior hemifields with pVRQOL outcomes in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Prospective cross-sectional study at a tertiary referral center from March 1, 2012, to January 1, 2013, including patients with primary open-angle glaucoma who had a best-corrected visual acuity in the better eye equal to or better than 20/60 and reliable VF tests. The pVRQOL was assessed by a validated Taiwanese version of the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire. Reliable VF tests obtained within 3 months of enrollment were transformed to binocular integrated VF (IVF). The IVF was further stratified by VF location (superior vs inferior hemifield). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESThe association between each domain of the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire and superior or inferior hemifield IVF was determined using multivariable linear regression analysis. RESULTSThe analysis included 186 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma with a mean age of 59.1 years (range, 19-86 years) and IVF mean deviation (MD) of −4.84 dB (range, −27.56 to 2.17 dB). In the multivariable linear regression analysis, the MD of the full-field IVF showed positive associations with near activities (β = 0.05; R 2 = 0.20; P < .001), vision-specific role difficulties (β = 0.04; R 2 = 0.19; P = .01), vision-specific dependency (β = 0.04; R 2 = 0.20; P < .001), driving (β = 0.05; R 2 = 0.24; P < .001), peripheral vision (β = 0.03; R 2 = 0.18; P = .02), and composite scores (β = 0.04; R 2 = 0.27; P = .005). Subsequent analysis showed that the MD of the superior hemifield IVF was associated only with near activities (β = 0.04; R 2 = 0.21; P < .001) while the MD of the inferior hemifield IVF was associated with general vision (β = 0.04; R 2 = 0.12; P = .01), vision-specific role difficulties (β = 0.04; R 2 = 0.20; P = .01), and peripheral vision (β = 0.03; R 2 = 0.17; P = .03).CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Superior hemifield IVF was strongly associated with difficulty with near activities. Inferior hemifield IVF impacted vision-specific role difficulties and general and peripheral vision. The impact of a VF defect on a patient's pVRQOL may depend not only on its severity, but also on its hemifield location.

Adjunctive oral MPD therapy reduced the occurrence and/or severity of renal scarring after acute pyelonephritis in these hospitalized children who had a high risk of renal scar formation.

To investigate the incidence of acute pyelonephritis (APN) and renal scarring in children with febrile urinary tract infection (UTI), 191 of 216 (88%) children with their first episode of UTI received 99m Tc-dimercaptosuccinic acid renal single-photon emission computed tomography. They were investigated within 7 days of admission and were followed for 6 months. One hundred and six patients (49.1%) underwent a voiding cystourethrogram. The incidence of vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) in group I (≤1 year old) was 22%, group II (1-5 years old) 69%, and group III (5-17 years old) 44%. The overall incidence of APN in febrile UTI was 70% (male 66%, female 76%, P=0.110). Children had a higher incidence of APN than infants (P<0.05 in group I vs. II and group I vs. III). Of patients with APN, 57% (35/61) showed renal scar formation. VUR was found in 31%(24/78) of children with APN and 58% (14/24) of children with renal scar. In addition, children with high-grade VUR were more susceptible to APN and scar formation than those with low-grade VUR (P<0.05). Older children with a first febrile UTI had a higher incidence of APN than infants (≤1 year), and half of the children with APN developed a renal scar.

Invasive pneumococcal infection is the most common cause of HUS in Taiwan. Positive T-Ag activation and a direct Coombs' test are rapid predictors of SP-HUS in children with invasive pneumonia.