Susceptibility to PD is increased in first-degree relatives of both sporadic and familial cases. The pattern of inheritance and the relationship between genetic and environmental risk factors warrant further study.

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The authors examined the interactive effect of smoking and pets at home on the incidence of asthma and the difference between sexes.The longitudinal data from the first two cycles of the National Population Health Survey, conducted in Canada, were used. A total of 12,636 subjects who reported no asthma at baseline were included in the analysis.The 2-yr cumulative incidence of asthma was higher in females than in males. Female sex and household pets demonstrated a significant interaction in the development of asthma. After adjustment for age, immigration and history of allergy, the odds ratio for smoking in relation to the asthma incidence was 2.50 (95% confidence interval: 1.24-5.05) for females who had pets at home and close to unity for those who had no pets. The incidence of asthma was not associated with smoking status and household pets in males.These results indicate that smoking, having pets at home and other environmental factors can partly explain asthma morbidity among female Canadians.

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