WO 3 -reduced graphene oxide (WO 3 -RGO) heterojunction electrodes were prepared for photoelectrochemical (PEC) overall water splitting. The WO 3 photoanode incorporated with RGO showed significantly enhanced PEC properties and, hence, photocatalytic water splitting, compared to the bare WO 3 at a bias larger than 0.7 V vs. Ag/AgCl, while a decrease in the PEC properties of WO 3 -RGO compared to the WO 3 electrode was observed at a bias smaller than 0.7 V vs. Ag/AgCl. RGO could play a favorable role in enhancing the electron-hole separation due to the presence of interface states according to the Bardeen model, but it could also provide active sites for the electron-hole recombination. A more positive applied bias is in favor of effective electron-hole separation, by means of quick collection and transport of electrons by RGO. As a result, a higher PEC performance of WO 3 -RGO can only be realised at a relatively more positive bias. This study gives insights into the complex nature of a RGO-semiconductor heterojunction, and its implications on the overall photoconversion efficiency.

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Ni/MgO-CNTs catalysts are prepared by in situ chemical vapor deposition growth of CNTs on Ni/MgO. These catalysts exhibit an improved performance for the production of synthetic natural gas from syngas, which is attributed to the formation of highly catalytic active interfaces among Ni, CNTs and MgO.