The transport and formation of fluorinated compounds are greatly significant due to their possible environmental risks. In this work, the ·OH-mediated degradation of CF3CF2CF2CH2OH and CF3CHFCF2CH2OH in the existence of...

ObjectiveTo investigate the characteristics of ectopic automaticity and cation current (If) of cardiac myocytes from pulmonary vein sleeves (PVs) in canines with atrial fibrillation.MethodsThe canines (8–10 years old) were subjected to long-term, rapid atrial pacing (RAP) for 10 weeks, which induced the atrial fibrillation model. Disassociation of PVs of canines yielded single cardiac myocytes from a Landengorff column. Action potential, If and hyperpolarisation activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) currents were measured with the patch-clamp technique.ResultsCompared with the control group, cardiac myocytes from the RAP canine PVs had spontaneous diastolic depolarization, shorter action potential duration, and larger If densities. In the group of RAP cells, the half maximal activation potential (V1/2) was found to be less negative (−105.5 ± 5.2 mV) compared to control cells (−87.3 ± 4.9 mV). Current densities of If were increased significantly by β-adrenergic receptor stimulation with isoproterenol and caused an acceleration of current activation. In contrast, If currents in the RAP were reduced by carvedilol, a selective beta-adrenergic receptor. Another important finding is that HCN4-based channels may make a significant contribution to If in PVs cells, but not HCN2. Meanwhile, HCN4 current significantly increases in canine PVs cardiac myocytes with RAP.ConclusionsThe spontaneous action potential and larger If current were observed in the PVs cardiac myocytes using RAP, which may contribute to more ectopic activity events to trigger and maintain atrial fibrillation.

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Pentanols as potential biofuels have attracted considerable interest, and thus it is of great importance to gain insights into their combustion and atmospheric chemistry. Herein, the kinetics and combustion mechanisms...