With the continuous improvement of people's living standards, food intake, bioactivity, and bioavailability have mainly concerned people. Therefore, the digestion and absorption of this kind of food have attracted people's attention. Some food has very high nutritional, medicinal, and medical value. However, because of its low conversion rate and utilization rate, the human body digests and absorbs less material, so the use of human value will be significantly reduced. Therefore, simulation and testing of digestion and absorption in vitro may be significant for dietary intake of bioactive substances. This paper reviews the organs and pathways of simulated food digestion and absorption in vitro and specific processing methods. In an in the vitro simulation system, the role of the human digestive system and absorption system in food digestion and absorption is described, and the performance of various simulation models, exceptionally dynamic in vitro models, is compared. Widespread use and refinement of these models will expand our understanding of the complex interplay of food substrates and digestive and absorptive systems. Therefore, it will be possible to design food with better bioavailability, more benefits to human health, and more targeted delivery, which is also in line with the development trend of food in the future.

This paper introduces the in vitro test method of hypoglycemic components in food-grade natural products. The specific steps and results of the experimental methods were introduced in detail, including enzyme inhibition test, inhibition kinetics test, multispectral analysis, cell screening model test, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics test. Through the above series of tests, we can judge whether the components in natural products have a lowering effect on blood glucose and analyze the mechanism of action.

Environmental condition is a significant factor that directly affects the growth, metabolism and productivity of marine algae. This study examined the influences of diluted seawater on the growth, antioxidation capacity and accumulation of bioactive compounds of the marine macroalga, Sargassum muticum. Compared to the natural seawater (30 ppt, parts per thousand) control, the specific growth rate was clearly elevated at diluted seawater with 15 and 20 ppt during the initial 3 days, and was not statistically different at diluted seawater from 15 to 30 ppt at 15 days, while it decreased significantly at a low seawater concentration of 10 ppt. Chlorophyll a, carotenoids and total protein content fluctuated slightly under the different seawater solutions, suggesting that the algal cells underwent metabolic regulation during the period of adaptation to culture media changes. Changes in seawater concentration altered antioxidant enzyme activity, for instance, total superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase, especially at low seawater solutions with 10 and 15 ppt. The malondialdehyde content also increased substantially, indicating that oxidative damage occurred in diluted seawater below 15 ppt. Moreover, the alginate content increased with decreasing seawater concentration, the alginate productivity was significantly increased by 22.32%-54.79% in all dilutions at 3 days and this promotion continued only at 15 and 20 ppt salinities after 7 days. The fucoxanthin content reduced significantly in the 10 and 15 ppt dilutions at 15 days, however, its productivity increased slightly at 10 and 15 ppt salinities in the first 3 days. The phlorotannin content increased slightly in the seawater dilutions with 20 ppt at 3 and 7 days, meanwhile, its productivity was significantly elevated during the initial 3 days at all seawater dilutions and the highest value was found at 20 ppt treatment.These results provide valuable data for the development and management of the aquaculture of S. muticum.

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