Pyrazoline plays an important role in the development of heterocyclic chemistry theory and is widely used as a synthesis useful in organic synthesis. The structure of the pyrazoline derivative compound contains a 5-membered heterocyclic framework with two nitrogen atoms and one endocyclic double bond. The function of pyrazoline as a fragment was stable enough in the bioactive group to synthesize new compounds with various biological activities. Various methods that could be used for the synthesis of pyrazole derivatives were ultrasonic irradiation, microwave assistance, ionic liquids, grinding techniques, and conventional methods. However, the synthesis of pyrazoline derivatives using conventional methods had many problems, one of which is the product yield, which was <70%. Therefore, this article will discuss the importance of optimizing the synthesis reaction conditions by taking into account several synthesis parameters to get the best organic product results based on conventional methods. A literature search was conducted by employing PubChem, Chemspider Google Scholar, Research Gate, Science Direct, and Elsevier by selecting pyrazoline synthesis based on physicochemical profile, reaction mechanism, and synthesis method.

Objective: Mangosteen is a plant that is very effective for inflammation. Besides that, the skin of the mangosteen plant in Indonesia continues to be developed because it is an antioxidant and suppresses the production of cytokines. Methods: Screening pharmacophores and molecular docking simulations by molecular modeling computation to predict the activity of the Mangosteen plant in silico and to determine potential drug candidates from mangosteen for inflammation to the iNOS, COX-1, and COX-2. Results: Pharmacophore Screening, γ-mangosteen has the highest pharmacophore fit score of 33.32 and 33.64 on COX-1 and COX-2 and is selective to iNOS target. Molecular docking of α-mangosteen and γ-mangosteen test compounds to the active site of used, COX-1, and COX-2 enzymes showed free energy binding (ΔG °) values of,-5.09,-5.00,-6.15; and-6.76,-5.30,-7.81 Kcal/mol respectively. Meanwhile, hydrogen bonds and good ΔG ° values ​​were formed between γ-mangosteen and COX-2, where the Hydroxyl group on γ-mangosteen interacted with the amino acids His75, Ser339, and Ala513 with ΔG ° of-7.81 Kcal/mol. Conclusion: It can be said that α-mangosteen and γ-mangosteen have molecular interactions with COX-1 and COX-2 active sites with the highest affinity for COX-2 compared to COX-1, and iNOS.

Temulawak rhizome (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) is a rhizome that comes from the Zingiberaceaetribe. Temulawak rhizome is commonly used as a traditional medicine in Indonesia as an antiinflammatory.The purpose of this study was to provide information on the potential of temulawakrhizome as a COX-2 inhibitor drug candidate and its toxicity to shrimp larvae (Artemia salina Leach.).The methods used are Lipinski Rule of Five prediction, PreADMET, molecular docking, pharmacophorescreening, and BSLT toxicity test. The results obtained show that the lowest Gibbs energy is producedby curcumin (-9.65 kcal/mol), has a pharmacophore hit value, meets the Lipinski rule of five, predictsa good pharmacophore profile, but curcumin has mutagenic properties and is classified as toxic afterbeing tested. with the BSLT method. So that it can be concluded that curcumin has the potential tobecome an anti-inflammatory drug, but further studies are needed and modifications to the molecularstructure of the compound can be carried out so that the tested compound can produce better activity.

SARS-CoV2 a virus that caused the global pandemic Coronavirus 2019 (COVID19) has infected about 659.108.952 peoples, with 6.684.756 deaths in the world as stated by WHO on 23 rd December 2022. Basil leaves have antiviral potential, especially in groups of flavonoids. People exposed to the COVID19 virus are given many drugs that cause many side effects. Therefore, it is advisable to consume drugs from natural ingredients low in side effects such as basil leaves. This study aims to predict flavonoid derivative compounds from basil leaves that have the potential as an antiviral drug for COVID19 by in silico, which has high affinity with low side effects. The method used is molecular docking for target analysis, ADME prediction, and toxicity prediction. The results of this study, show there is a naringenin compound that has the highest potential to become an antiviral for COVID19 with a ∆G value of -4.04 kcal/mol and a KI of 1.09 mM. These flavonoid-derived compounds comply with Lipinski rules, so the flavonoid content in basil leaves can help treat COVID19 as a drug derived from natural ingredients that have antiviral potential with low side effects.