Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are an emerging class of quasi-zero-dimensional photoluminescent nanomaterials with particle sizes less than 10 nm. Owing to their favourable water dispersion, strong chemical inertia, stable optical performance, and good biocompatibility, CQDs have become prominent in biomedical fields. CQDs can be fabricated by "top-down" and "bottom-up" methods, both of which involve oxidation, carbonization, pyrolysis and polymerization. The functions of CQDs include biological imaging, biosensing, drug delivery, gene carrying, antimicrobial performance, photothermal ablation and so on, which enable them to be utilized in antitumour applications. The purpose of this review is to summarize the research progress of CQDs in antitumour applications from preparation and characterization to application prospects. Furthermore, the challenges and opportunities of CQDs are discussed along with future perspectives for precise individual therapy of tumours.

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents. microRNAs (miRNAs) have previously been reported to be involved in the carcinogenesis and progression of OS, and may be useful prognostic markers or therapeutic targets for patients with OS. miRNA‑130a has been previously studied in multiple types of human cancer. However, its expression and function in OS has not been well documented. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression, biological functions and molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of miR‑130a in OS. miR‑130a was significantly downregulated in OS tissues and cell lines compared with normal bone tissue and a normal osteoblast cell line. miR‑130a expression levels was significantly negatively correlated with the clinical stage and metastasis of OS. Further studies indicated that overexpression of miR‑130a inhibited OS cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vivo. In terms of the mechanisms underlying this effect, zinc finger E‑box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) was demonstrated to act as a direct target of miR‑130a in OS. Furthermore, downregulation of ZEB1 by interference with small interfering RNA mimicked the effects of transfection with an miR‑130a mimic in OS. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that miR‑130a functioned as a tumor suppressor in OS, partially via targeting ZEB1, suggesting that miR‑130a may be considered as a target for the treatment of patients with OS.

No abstract

Purpose To review the neonatal cases with different types of minor blood group incompatible haemolytic diseases in China, and to improve the clinical understanding and management. Materials and Methods Seven cases from January, 1st, 2013 to December 31st, 2019 were searched out and reviewed retrospectively. All clinical data and laboratory findings were collected. Results There were totally seven cases enrolled including three cases of MNS, three of Diego, and one of Kidd combined with Rh, anti-RhE incompatibility. Among the seven cases, two had intrauterine transfusion, two underwent exchange transfusion, five received intravenous immune globulin, five cases developed anaemia, and three of them had transfusion. But among them, only four were found to have positive antibody screening and three were confirmed HDN with antibody types antenatally. Conclusion The clinical presentation is diverse. Antibody screening followed by the technique of peak systolic velocity in the fetal middle cerebral artery (MCA-PSV) helps to filter out the severe cases.