A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of cow manure, city waste, chicken manure and TSP on the growth of corn (Zea mays) and phytoavailability of phosphorous (P) in soil. An air dried sandy loam soil was mixed with different amendments at rates equivalent to 0, 200, 400 and 800 mg·P·kg -1 soil based on total P. The plant height and leaf number increased in the plants grown in amended pots compared to control pot. The dry weight of shoots and roots in the control pot were 14.3 and 2.8 g, respectively. The shoot dry weights of corn increased from 43.8 to 76.6 g with the cow manure, 27.8 to 38.7 g with the city waste, 48.4 to 68.2 g with the chicken manure and 30.2 to 32.2 g with the TSP amendments when the P addition rates increased from 200 to 800 mg·P·kg -1 soil. Similar effects of these amendments and their rates were also found in the case of roots dry weights production. Phosphorus concentration in the plant parts increased with the P application from different amendments but the increase was higher with the TSP fertilizer and lower with the city waste amendments. Olsen P (measured after the plant harvest) increased with P application rates. The extractability of Olsen P from different amendments increased in this order: city waste < chicken manure < cow manure < TSP. Olsen P was strongly related with both shoot and root P concentration of corn (r = 0.910, p = 0.000), indicate suitability of Olsen P to predict plant available P. These results imply that cow manure and chicken manure could be recommended to use in the agricultural field for producing optimum yield.

Lung Cancer which is also known as carcinoma of the lung or pulmonary carcinoma is one kind of fatal lung tumor described by uncontrolled cell growth in the lung tissues. If this tumor left untreated this growth will be spread beyond the lung in the process of metastasis into the nearby tissues or any other parts or organs of the body. Worldwide Lung Cancer is considered as one of the most leading cause of cancer related death in the present time. So, the assessment of lung cancer is a crucial issue. Lung cancer is generally assessed from its signs, symptoms and risk factors by the physicians. However, assessing lung cancer is complex due to the presence of various types of uncertainties such as vagueness, ignorance, imprecision, incompleteness associated with these signs, symptoms and risk factors. The recently developed generic belief rule-based inference methodology by using the evidential reasoning approach (RIMER) has been considered to develop an expert system to assess this disease. The system can deal with various types of uncertainties found in the clinical signs, symptoms and risk factors. The knowledge base of this system has been constructed by taking account of the real patient data as well as with the consultation of the specialists. The practical case studies are provided to test this system. It has been observed that the proposed system is more reliable than from manual system as well as than from fuzzy rule based expert system. Keywords-Belief rule base; uncertainty; lung cancer; expert systemI.