Karamunting plant is one of the biodiversity that must be developed because it has potential as phytopharmaca. The lack of public attention to the preservation and conservation of karamunting plants causes the scarcity of these plants, so it is necessary to do conservation in the form of propagation in vitro. One of the first steps that can be done is to get a callus induction protocol of karamunting plants. This study aim is to obtain a callus induction protocol for karamunting plants using 2,4D, TDZ and BAP growth regulators in vitro. This research was conducted in October to December 2019, at the Tissue Culture Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University, Padang. This experiment was compiled based on a Completely Randomized Design (CRD).The treatment used was MS media with a combination of 2,4D, BAP, and Thidiazuron concentrations, namely: A = 2.5 ppm 2,4D, B = 5.0 ppm 2,4D, C = 2.5 ppm 2,4D + 1 ppm BAP, D = 5.0 ppm 2,2D + 1 ppm BAP, E = 2.5 ppm 2,4D + 2 ppm TDZ, F = 5.0 ppm 2,4D + 2 ppm TDZ. Explants in the form of karamunting leaves from seed germination in vitro. Based on the results of the study found the influence of growth regulators BAP, 2.4D and TDZ on the percentage of explants forming callus, callus texture and karamunting callus color. By administering 2.5 ppm 2,4D + 1 ppm BAP, 5.0 ppm 2,2D + 1 ppm BAP and 2.5 ppm 2,4D + 2 ppm TDZ are able to produce a 100% callus percentage. The 5.0 ppm 2,4D + 2 ppm TDZ treatment produced crumb callus with the highest percentage which was 90%, and 5.0 ppm 2,4D was able to produce compact callus with the highest percentage which was 100% and the 2.5 ppm 2,4D treatment, 2.5 ppm 2,4D and 5.0 ppm 2,4D + 2 ppm TDZ produce white callus with the highest percentage that is 100% and 2.5 ppm 2,4D treatment + 1 ppm BAP produces green callus with the most percentage which is 75%. While for the first time the callus appeared there was no effect of some concentrations of BAP, TDZ and 2,4D.

Agricultural land in Indonesia continues to decrease every year so that the use of plantation areas can be an alternative in increasing corn production. This study aimed to obtain corn varieties that can grow and produce well in shaded conditions. The experimental design used was a Split Plot Design arranged in a Randomized Block Design consisting of two factors. The first factor on the main plot is the shade (S) i.e., no shade (S1), 25% light interception shade (S2), and 50% light interception shade (S3). The second factor in the sub-plot is the hybrid corn variety (V) consisting of Bima 20 (V1), JH-37 (V2), Nasa 29 (N3), and Pioneer P32 (V4). The results showed that two varieties produce a high yield in 50% light interception conditions, which are JH-37 and Bima 20 with kernel dry weights of 6.04 and 6.43 tons/ha, respectively. On plant growth, shade treatment did not have a significant effect on the plant height, the number of leaves, and the leaf area, but affects the diameter of the stems.

Clonal propagation using in vitro techniques to provide good quality seedling of coffee requires technological establishment, especially about the determinant factor for regeneration success. Therefore the study of regeneration methods in vitro in coffee plants needs to be done either through somatic embryogenesis or organogenesis. The purpose of this research was to obtain the optimal concentration of plant growth regulators and incubation temperatures to induce the embryogenic callus of coffee. The basic medium was used MS [Murasige and Skoog] with the addition of 1 g/L of active charcoal and 7 g/L of bactoagar. The experiment used a factorial completely randomized design. The first factor is the concentration of plant growth regulators consisting of 6 levels : 0.5 mg 2.4D L−1 + 1 mg TDZ L−1; 0.5 mg 2.4D L−1 + 2 mg TDZ L−1; 1 mg 2.4D L−1 + 1 mg TDZ L−1; 1 mg 2.4D L−1 + 2 mg TDZ L−1; 2 mg 2.4D L−1 + 1 mg TDZ L−1; 2 mg 2.4D L−1 + 2 mg TDZ L−1. The second factor is the incubation of temperature is consisting of 2 levels: 18°C and 26°C. Variables observed included: time of callus induction, percentage of callus induction, callus texture and callus color. The results showed that all medium tested only media with a concentration of 2 mg 2.4D L−1 + 2 mg TDZ L−1 which gave an optimal response to the percentage of callus induction which reached 100% with friable texture and yellowish-white. Based on observations it is also known that the incubation temperature of 26°C can induce callus faster than the incubation temperature of 18°C.