Background: Neonatal mortality includes all deaths of neonate occurring before the 28th day of life. Neonatal mortality has been declining over two decades in Sub-Saharan Africa, including Ethiopia. The foremost causes of death are preventable and treatable. Regardless, recognizing the predictors may be a crucial step in lowering neonatal mortality. However, evidences on the survival status of neonates and/or neonatal death predictors were limited in Ethiopia, particularly in the study area. Thus, this study aimed to answer these questions. Methods: An institution-based retrospective cohort study was done among 380 Neonates admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Bombe Primary Hospital from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2019. Bivariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses were conducted to identify predictors of mortality. Association was summarized using adjusted hazard ratio (AHR), and statistical significances were declared at 95% CI and P-value <0.05. Proportionality assumption was tested by a global test based on Schoenfeld residuals analysis.
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