Neonates presenting with hypothermia have a substantial risk for SBI or other significant pathology. This population merits further investigation; a multicenter prospective study should be conducted to better understand associations between risk factors and outcomes.

IntroductionAlthough advocacy and social determinants of health (SDH) are fundamental components of pediatrics and other areas of health care, medical education often lacks formal training about these topics and the role of health care professionals as advocates. SDH are common targets of advocacy initiatives; however, little is known about optimal ways to incorporate this content into medical education curricula.MethodsWe developed a lecture and assessment for third-year medical students that included interactive discussion of advocacy, SDH issues specific to children, and opportunities for learners to engage in advocacy. Learners attended the lecture during the pediatric clerkship. Over the course of a year, questionnaires assessing knowledge of advocacy, SDH, and incorporation of advocacy into practice were administered to 75 students before the lecture and as the clerkship ended. We used chi-square and Fisher's exact tests to compare knowledge before and after the lecture.ResultsStudents showed significant improvement on most individual questions and overall passing rates. Learners provided positive feedback on the quality of the lecture material and demonstrated interest in engaging in current advocacy projects to address SDH.DiscussionAs recognition of the importance of advocacy and SDH increases, the development of educational tools for teaching this information is critical. Our lecture produced significant improvement in knowledge of these topics and was well received by students. Early introduction to advocacy and SDH during relevant clinical rotations emphasizes the importance of these topics and may establish a foundation of advocacy as fundamental to health care.

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To describe practice patterns of intravenous (IV) antibiotic treatment duration in term neonates #28 days old with a urinary tract infection (UTI). METHODS:We performed a retrospective chart review of term neonates #28 days old hospitalized for UTI at 2 academic pediatric hospitals from 2012 to 2018. Neonates who were admitted to the PICU or with known preexisting renal and/or urologic anomalies or concomitant bacteremia were excluded. We examined clinical features, complications, and duration of IV antibiotic therapy. Univariate and multivariate analyses of long duration of IV antibiotics (.48 hours) were performed by using logistic regression. RESULTS:Of 310 neonates identified by diagnostic codes and chart review, 112 met criteria for inclusion. The median IV antibiotic duration was 49 hours (51% received IV antibiotics for .48 hours), and the median total antibiotic duration was 10 days. No demographic features or laboratory values correlated with IV antibiotic duration apart from age ,7 days. The odds of long IV antibiotic duration increased if the neonate had a secondary diagnosis extending hospitalization (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 5 3.2; P 5 .002; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-8.7), subspecialty consult (aOR 5 4.79; P , .001; 95% CI, 1.87-12.3), or an abnormal renal ultrasound (aOR 5 2.26; P 5 .02; 95% CI, 1.01-5.08). Only 1 neonate experienced treatment failure. CONCLUSIONS:Our study revealed the recent trend toward shorter IV antibiotic courses for healthy term neonates with UTI is inclusive of infants #28 days at these 2 sites. Few factors associated with neonates' initial clinical presentation appear to influence the length of IV antibiotic treatment.

The development of, and the preliminary survey of this psychiatric resident teaching manual, is encouraging in furthering the development of future psychiatrist teachers.