Aim: To evaluate prospectively non‐haemolytic term infants with marked hyperbilirubinaemia treated by phototherapy only for evidence of bilirubin toxicity at 2–6 y of age, and to determine the suitability for Turkish children of the exchange transfusion limits recently reported by the American Academy of Pediatrics. Methods: The study group included a total of 30 children, aged 2–6 y, who had developed marked hyperbilirubinaemia (20–24 mg dl−1, 342–410 μmol l−1) during the newborn period (gestational age >37wk, birthweight >2500 g) and were treated without exchange transfusion because intensive phototherapy, instituted during the preparations for exchange transfusion, was successful in decreasing their serum bilirubin levels. The control group consisted of 30 children of the same age group without clinical jaundice in the newborn period. Physical and neurological examinations, brainstem auditory‐evoked potentials (BAEPs) and developmental tests for Turkish children were performed in both the study and control children. Results: There was no difference between the groups with regard to mean BAEP latencies and developmental scores. None of the infants had hearing loss, developmental delay or abnormal neurological findings. Conclusion: The results suggest that successful intensive phototherapy without exchange transfusion in otherwise healthy term newborn infants with marked hyperbilirubinaemia (20–24 mg dl−1, 342–410 μmol l−1) might not increase the risk of bilirubin brain injury and that the conventional limit of 20 mg dl−1 (342 μmol l−1) could be changed to 22–24 mg dl−1 (376–410 μmol l−1) for healthy term infants in Turkey. These limits, however, address only infants who do not have haemolytic disease, and the data are not sufficient to draw conclusions on the safety of even higher bilirubin levels (i.e. >24 mg dl−1, 410 μmol l−1) in this population.

The results suggest that successful intensive phototherapy without exchange transfusion in otherwise healthy term newborn infants with marked hyperbilirubinaemia (20-24 mg dl(-1), 342-410 micromol l(-1)) might not increase the risk of bilirubin brain injury and that the conventional limit of 20 mg dl(-1) (342 micromol l(-1)) could be changed to 22-24 mg dl(-1) (376-410 micromol l(-1)) for healthy term infants in Turkey. These limits, however, address only infants who do not have haemolytic disease, and the data are not sufficient to draw conclusions on the safety of even higher bilirubin levels (i.e. >24 mg dl(-1), 410 micromol l(-1)) in this population.

İntradiyalitik hipotansiyon diyaliz sırasında en sık karşılaşılan komplikasyonlardan biridir. Hemodiyaliz hastaları için büyük bir problem olan intradiyalitik hipotansiyonun, diyaliz sırasında besin alımı ile ilişkili olduğu ifade edilmekle birlikte hipoglisemi, malnütrisyon, ek besin sağlama gibi nedenlerden dolayı intradiyalitik beslenmenin ülkemizde ve dünyada desteklendiği bilinmektedir. Diyaliz sırasında hastaların yemek yemesine izin verilmesi hala tartışmalıdır ve diyaliz merkezlerinde intradiyalitik beslenme konusunda çeşitli uygulamalar mevcuttur. Bu derlemede intradiyalitik hipotansiyon, intradiyalitik hipotansiyonun beslenme ile ilişkisi, önleme, tedavi ve hemşirelik yaklaşımları konusunda bilgilere yer verilmiştir.

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