Two or more sera were collected from 68 adult patients who received a total of 100 courses of induction chemotherapy for acute leukemia. Sera were tested by ELISAs for antibody to candidal mannan and a major cytoplasmic antigen. Twenty episodes of induction chemotherapy were accompanied by invasive candidiasis of skin, esophagus, or deeper organs. Levels of antibody to mannan rose more than 2.75 times normal activity in nine of these episodes and were already above this level in all sera in two episodes. Levels of antibody to mannan exceeded 2.75 times normal in only two of the remaining episodes in which invasive candidiasis was not observed. An eightfold increase in antibody to mannan occurred at some point in five of the 20 episodes complicated by invasive candidiasis but in only one of the remaining 80 episodes. Antibody to the major cytoplasmic antigen was detected infrequently in sera from episodes complicated by invasive candidiasis. Further studies of precise serial measurements of antibody to mannan therefore appear warranted.

No abstract