Objective: To describe the gonial angle characteristics in class III skeletal malocclusion in Javanese ethnic. Material and Methods: Pretreatment lateral cephalometric radiographs of 43 Javanese ethnic patients were measured: upper (Go1) and lower gonial angle (Go2), anterior (AFH) and posterior face height ratio (PFH), maxilla-mandibular length difference, mandibular plane angle (FMA), Y axis, ramus position, ANB angle, posterior cranial base/ramus height and mandibular body length/anterior cranial base. The relation between Go1, Go2 and other variables were analysed using correlation and regression analysis. Results: The total gonial angle is within normal range, but Go1 is below normal and Go2 is above normal. There is no difference between male and female gonial angle measurements (p=0.939 and p=0.861, respectively). Ramus position is positively correlated to Go1 (p=0.003), while AFH (p=0.000), maxilla-mandibular length difference (p=0.000), FMA (p=0.000), Y axis (p=0.000), and posterior cranial base/ramus height (p=0.018) are positively correlated to Go2. PFH is negatively correlated to Go2 (p=0.018). Conclusion: The upper gonial angle is influenced by the position of mandibular ramus, while the lower gonial angle is affected by the posterior and anterior lower facial height and mandibular size and rotation. Javanese with class III malocclusion tends to have hypodivergent facial type, with more posteriorly located mandibular ramus and excess mandibular length.

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Objective The aim of this article is to analyze and compare the presence of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of COL1A1 and FGFR2 in class II and class III Javanese populations. Materials and Methods Cephalometric radiographs from total 63 patients of class II and III were analyzed. SNP analysis was performed based on both COL1A1 and FGFR2 sequences amplified from total DNA of patients' fresh blood. Principal component analysis was done to calculate the data and find the correlation of the cephalometric indicators influenced by each mutation. t-test and Mann–Whitney analysis were performed to check the significance of differences occurred in each studied parameter (p < 0.05). Result There were three COL1A1 SNPs found in class II and only two in class III, while three FGFR2 SNPs found in both classes. Class II phenotype seemed to be strongly influenced by Y-axis and mandibular plane angle, while class III by lower gonial angle and mandibular plane angle. Conclusion Based on this study, we suggest that rs2249492 of COL1A1 and rs2981582 of FGFR2 play important roles in class III, while rs2277632 of COL1A1 and rs2981582 of FGFR2 play important role in class II skeletal malocclusion in Javanese population.

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Background: Determining the Vertical Dimension of Occlusion (VDO) was one of the procedures required to create a complete denture. VDO was the height of the lower third of the face that connected the distance between the subnation point found in the craniofacial and the gnation point on the mandible. The methods in determining VDO were very diverse, but there were no methods that considered as highly accurate presently. Hence, several methods of determining VDO were needed to obtain more accurate results. The finger length anthropometry method was a method that has been widely used as an alternative method in determining VDO because it was considered accurate, not invasive, cheap, and easy to implement. Objective: This study aimed to determine the correlation between the vertical dimensions of occlusion and the anthropometric length of fingers. Material and Method: The study was conducted by using the literature review method with the narrative review procedure. Research using Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, and Semantic Scholar. Results: The results of the study of 22 articles reviewed had a positive correlation between VDO and all lengths of the fingers of the hand. The finger that had the strongest correlation with VDO in males was the index finger (r=0.804) and in females was the little finger (r=0.937) Conclusion: All fingers could be used as an alternative method in determining the Vertical Dimension of Occlusion.Keywords: Anthropometry, Finger length, Vertical Dimension of Occlusion