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This article examines the production of racial inequality. Although most research concerned with racial inequality focuses exclusively on individuals, we argue that higher level actors, namely, organizations, contend with racial inequality in much the same way that people do. Using prior research on race and organizations, this paper illustrates that understanding how organizations produce and experience racial inequality is necessary. We argue that racial inequality regimes have the capacity to operate on people, but also among organizations.

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Organizational field scholarship illuminates the process by which globally accessible templates of behavior emerge and influence organizational action. An interest in understanding the sources of constraint for organizational adaptation lie at the core of this literature. Early scholarship focused on how the environment or institution shaped organizations. The institution determined whether fields were marked by stability or tumult. Alternatively, recent scholarship depicts a reciprocal relationship between fields and institutions placing greater emphasis on the ways in which interactions at the field level shape institutions. The organizational field remains a vital unit of analysis for detecting institutional effects and change.