Ethanol extract (EE) and fractions obtained from the ripe fruits of Solanum lycocarpum were examined in order to determine their phenolic composition, antioxidant capacity, antibacterial activities and cytotoxic potential. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with DAD analysis indicated that caffeic and chlorogenic acids were the main phenolic compounds present in the EE, dichloromethane (DCM) and ethyl acetate (Ac) fractions. The antioxidant activity assessed by the scavenging ability on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical was significantly more pronounced for DCM and Ac fractions than that of the commercial antioxidant 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT). EE and fractions exhibited selective antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, especially the hexane (Hex) and DCM fractions. EE and fractions exhibited low toxicity towards the LLC-MK2 cell line, especially the Hex, DCM and Ac fractions. This work provides the knowledge of phenolic composition in the extract and fractions from the ripe fruits of S. lycocarpum and their antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxic activities.

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Ethanol extract and fractions obtained from leaves of Solanum lycocarpum were examined in order to determine their phenolic composition, antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic potential. High performance liquid chromatography coupled with DAD analysis indicated that the flavonoids apigenin and kaempferol were the main phenolic compounds present in dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions, respectively. The antioxidant activity was significantly more pronounced for dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and hydroethanol fractions than that of the commercial antioxidant 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol. The hexane and dichloromethane fractions were more active against the tested bacteria. The hydroethanol fraction exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity at the dose of 75 and 150 mg/kg in the later phase of inflammation. However, the antiedematogenic effect of the higher dose of the ethyl acetate fraction (150 mg/kg) was more pronounced. The ethyl acetate fraction also presented a less cytotoxic effect than the ethanol extract and other fractions. These activities found in S. lycocarpum leaves can be attributed, at least in part, to the presence of phenolic constituents such as flavonoids. This work provided the knowledge of phenolic composition in the extract and fractions and the antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities of leaves of S. lycocarpum.

Introdução: O Hibiscus rosa-sinensis pertence à família Malvaceae, é utilizada na medicina popular para aliviar cólicas menstruais, auxiliar no parto, aliviar dor de cabeça, febre, inflamação, problemas respiratórios, infecções cutâneas, distúrbios digestivos entre outros. O Hibiscus sabdariffa também pertence à família Malvaceae, na medicina popular é utilizado como diurético, tratamento gastrointestinal, infecções hepáticas, febre e hipertensão. Objetivo: Avaliar a capacidade antioxidante pelo método de redução do radical livre DPPH, a Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e a Concentração Bactericída Mínima (CBM). Metodologia: Para a avaliação da capacidade antioxidante foi utilizado o método de sequestro de radicais livres DPPH (2,2­ Difenil-­1­-picrilhidrazila), em espectrofotômetro. Para análise da atividade antimicrobiana, foi utilizado quatro Bactérias da Coleção de Cultura do tipo Americana, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes e Streptococcus agalactiae. Resultados: O H. rosa-sinensis apresentou uma CE50 = 10,33 µg /mL, enquanto o H. sabdariffa apresentou CE50= 20,38 µg /mL. O H. rosa-sinensis possui uma maior capacidade sequestradora de radicais livres. No estudo da atividade antibacteriana a espécie H. sabdariffa apresentou CBM de 1000 µg/mL frente a L. monocytogenes e superior a 2000 µg/mL frente as outras espécies de bactérias avaliadas, enquanto a espécie de H. rosa-sinensis apresentou CBM superior a 2000 µg/mL para todas as espécies avaliadas. Conclusão: O extrato metanólico de H. sabdariffa e H. rosa-sinensis apresentaram capacidade de sequestrar radicais livres,sendo superiores em algumas concentrações ao padrão BHT. Além disso as espécies avaliadas apresentam potencial ação antibacteriana especialmente frente a L. monocytogenes.