The solution hydration behavior of a series of lactam-based kinetic clathrate hydrate inhibitors (KHIs) has been studied in order to determine mechanistic insight into their KHI performance.IR and 1 H NMR spectroscopic titration data were compared across a series of mono-and bis(lactam) model compounds, and solid-phase hydration behavior was examined by Dynamic Vapour Sorption. The structures of several of the model compounds have been investigated by X-ray crystallography. The work reveals insight into the very low crystallinity and high hygroscopicity of these materials which is linked to their performance as KHIs. Analysis of water binding in sour gas systems, containing H 2 S and CO 2 , reveals no effect on the water affinity of the lactams suggesting that sour gas components do not inhibit KHI performance, but rather promote clathrate hydrate formation.

Povidone-iodine is a widely used antiseptic and on the WHO list of essential medicines. We report the X-ray crystal structure of a two-monomer unit model compound showing that the structure of povidone-iodine comprises protonated pyrrolidone units linked by intermolecular 2 hydrogen bonds along with triiodide anions. We also report an unusual example of a system exhibiting both a cocrystal and coamorphous form in a halogen bonded lactam model compound with diiodotetrafluorobenzene. refined parameters), conventional R1(F) = 0.0325 for 4676 reflections with I  2(I), GOF = 1.059. Cocrystal 3•5. Crystallization was performed in 2 cm 3 glass vials with loosely fitting plastic screw lids. Compound 3 (0.047 g) and compound 5 (0.50 g) were dissolved in acetone/CH2Cl2 mixed solvent (1.5 mL) and the solution allowed to evaporate at room temperature.

. (2015) 'The problems associated with sour gas in the oil eld industry and their solutions.', Energy fuels., 29 (8). pp. 4667-4682. Further information on publisher's website:http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b00952Publisher's copyright statement:This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in nal form in Energy Fuels, copyright c 2015 American Chemical Society after peer review and technical editing by the publisher. To access the nal edited and published work see http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b00952.Additional information:Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-pro t purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. AbstractFossil fuels are still a necessary and important part of modern living, keeping cars running and houses heated for example. As demands have risen and reservoirs of oil and natural gas have depleted, it has become increasingly more important to tap in to fields that were once classified as undesirable. Sour fields, fields high in acidic gases such as hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide, are one such option. There are many difficulties and dangers associated with working sour fields, such as toxicity of the sour gases, hydrate formation and corrosion of equipment that have prevented these resources being used in the past. Many varied methods of overcoming these problems have been developed, from removing the sour components to inhibiting their effects. This review highlights the major issues raised by sour fields as well as a wide range of solutions in use today.

The crystallization inhibitor polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is commonly used as a stabilizer in the formation of amorphous polymer dispersions of poorly soluble pharmaceuticals. In this work we examine the use of a range of PVP-inspired small-molecule bis(lactams) as coformers in the stabilization of amorphous pharmaceutical phases creating coamorphous materials. The dimer of 2 N-vinyl(caprolactam), (bisVCap, 3) was found to be an effective coamorphous-former at relatively low loading for carisoprodol, carbamazepine, isoniazid and ROY.

Boric acid/lactam co-crystals have been applied as novel delivery agents for guar cross-linking.