The Texas Army National Guard conducts military training on Camp Swift, an approximately 11,500acre tract in northern Bastrop County, Texas. As required by law, an environmental assessment of the area was conducted with pedestrian surveys beginning as early as 1979. The Adjutant General's Department of Texas (AGTX) was charged with oversight management of archaeological compliance for the Camp. The survey was undertaken to meet requirements under sections 106 and 110 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA). Under sections 106 and 110 of the NHPA, the protection of cultural resources is related to their eligibility for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), which is in turn dependent on their NRHP significance as defined in 36 CFR Part 60. The National Historic Preservation Act Amendments of 1992 clarified Section 110 and directed federal agencies to establish preservation programs corresponding to their activities and effects on historic properties. Under Section 110, federal agencies may evaluate the significance of cultural resources not currently threatened to assist with the development of preservation planning. The purpose of the surveys was to provide the Texas National Guard with recommendations as to the eligibility of the sites for nomination to the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). In the case of prehistoric sites, significance is often based on Criterion D of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) as defined by the National Park Service in 36 CFR 60. The significance of a site under Criterion D, and therefore its eligibility for listing on the NHRP, is based on its having yielded information important in history or prehistory, or on its having the potential to yield such information in the future. The question of what information is important, a point not addressed in the NRHP, is a function of research questions or developed historic contexts. Contracting Parties The Center for Archaeological Studies (CAS) of Southwest Texas State University (now Texas State University-San Marcos) contracted with the sponsoring agency, the Texas Army National Guard. The investigations were conducted under interagency cooperative agreement number TX 01-ENV-29 401-2-4652. C. Britt Bousman and David L. Nickels served as co-principal investigators for the 2002-2003 project. David L. Nickels directed the daily field operations.