Hospice volunteering during preclinical years may provide valuable experiential training for MS-1s in caring for seriously ill patients and their families by fostering personal reflection and empathic skills, thereby providing a foundation for future patient encounters during clinical training.

substance abuse was only associated with impairment in self-care ). Interactions between pain, mood, and substance abuse were not significant. Conclusion.Pain was associated with up to 11 times the odds of impaired physical function in HIV-infected patients.Implications for Research, Policy, or Practice. Further studies are needed to investigate the impact of pain assessment and management on physical function in HIV-infected individuals.

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