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Alkali treatment followed by alkalinized hydrogen peroxide delignification yielded 73.90% cellulose from Ensete Ventricosum pseudo stem fiber, with parameters optimized using response surface methodology. The optimal reaction parameters were 157 minutes, 73 ℃, and 3.8% NaOH concentration. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transfer infrared (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy were used to examine the thermal properties, crystal structure, chemical structure, and morphological structure of isolated cellulose (SEM). Based on the findings, cellulose has a rod-like shape. The XRD results revealed that the crystallinity index of cellulose increased from 65 to 75 percent when compared with raw Enseteventricosum pseudo stem fiber (Ensete fiber). The resultant cellulose demonstrated relatively higher thermal stability than the unprocessed ensete fiber, according to the thermogravimetric examination. When compared to raw ensete fiber, FTIR analysis revealed that cellulose had a modified chemical functional structure, which suggested that alkali and alkalized hydrogen peroxide treatments had altered the chemical structure of cellulose. According to the results, it is possible to extract cellulose nanocrystals thanks to the isolated cellulose's high yield, great crystallinity index, strong thermal stability, and morphological structure.

This study investigates the extraction of avocado peel oil from avocado peel using a soxhlet extractor at different extraction times, temperatures, and solvent to avocado peel ratios using hexane solvent. The time for extraction ranges from 2 to 5 h, the extraction temperature ranges from 60 to 70°C at a temperature deviation of ± 2°C, and the hexane to avocado peel ratio ranges from 4 to 5 ml/g. Thus, the study reveals that the maximum amount of 29.93% w/w avocado peel oil was extracted at 3 h of extraction, at the boiling point of hexane, and at a 5 ml/g of hexane to avocado peel ratio. For varying extraction temperatures at constant hexane to avocado peel ratio, the optimum avocado peel oil was obtained at 70 ± 2℃ extraction temperature and 4.5 h of extraction time. Finally, the obtained oil was characterized for its physicochemical properties, from which an acid value of 2.8 mg KOH/g of oil and a free fatty acid of 1.4% were obtained from the study.