Hyperbilirubinemia is a condition of high levels bilirubin accumulating in blood and known as jaundice, a yellow coloration of the skin, sclera and nails. Hyperbilirubinemia is a problem that often occurs in newborns. Patients with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia are treated with phototerapy and exchange transfusion. The purpose of this study was to identify the hyperbilirubinemia treatments on neonatal in Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya. Medical records were used to collect information on hyperbilirubinemia status and type of treatments in 2010. Inclusion criteria were used to select samples in this study. All hyperbilirubinemia patients (100 neonates) were treated with phototherapy, in which 32% of them got the treatment for less than 24 hours; and 68% got the treatment more than 24 hours. After treatment, 100% patients cured.  Hyperbilirubinemia neonates in RSUD Dr Sutomo were treated with phototherapy and the treatment was successful.

Children with acute leukemia often require platelet transfusions, but the platelet count frequently doesn't reach a satisfactory response, which is known as platelet refractoriness. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors for platelet refractoriness after thrombocyte concentrate transfusion in children with acute leukemia.                         An analytical observational study with a prospective approach, with subjects with acute leukemia who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital. Analysis with Chi-square test; Odds Ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval, multivariate Backward Wald method with p<0.05. There were 30 subjects, consisting of 19 subjects (63.3%) with platelet refractoriness, 11 subjects (36.7%) did not have platelet refractoriness. The significant differences factors are fever, splenomegaly, and antibiotic use with p values of 0.007; 0.004, and 0.049. There was no difference between gender, sepsis, heavy bleeding, chemotherapy, history of thrombocyte concentrate transfusion, and immature platelet fraction with the incidence of platelet refractoriness (p>0.05). Splenomegaly had a 5.333 times greater probability of platelet refractoriness after thrombocyte concentrate transfusion compared to those without splenomegaly in children with acute leukemia, (p=0.008), (OR 5.333; 95% CI 1.554 – 18.304). Splenomegaly is a risk factor for platelet refractoriness after thrombocyte concentrates transfusion in children with acute leukemia.