Artemisinin from the plant Artemisia annua is the most potent pharmaceutical for the treatment of malaria. In the plant, the sesquiterpene cyclase amorphadiene synthase, a cytochrome‐dependent CYP450, and an aldehyde reductase convert farnesyl diphosphate (FDP) into dihydroartemisinic aldehyde (DHAAl), which is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of artemisinin and a semisynthetic precursor for its chemical synthesis. Here, we report a chemoenzymatic process that is able to deliver DHAAl using only the sesquiterpene synthase from a carefully designed hydroxylated FDP derivative. This process, which reverses the natural order of cyclization of FDP and oxidation of the sesquiterpene hydrocarbon, provides a significant improvement in the synthesis of DHAAl and demonstrates the potential of substrate engineering in the terpene synthase mediated synthesis of high‐value natural products.
8-Methoxy-γ-humulene, (E)-8-methoxy-β-farnesene, 12-methoxy-β-sesquiphellandrene and 12-methoxyzingiberene can be synthesised in amorphadiene synthase-catalysed reactions from 8- and 12-methoxyfarnesyl diphosphates due to the highly plastic yet tightly controlled carbocationic chemistry of this sesquiterpene cyclase.
Artemisinin aus der Pflanze Artemisia annua ist das wirkungsvollste Arzneimittel zur Behandlung von Malaria. Die Sesquiterpen-Cyclase Amorphadien-Synthase,e in Cytochrom-abhängiges CYP450 und eine Aldehyd-Reduktase wandeln in der PflanzeF arnesyl-Diphosphat (FDP) in Dihydroartemisinaldehyd (DHAAl) um, welches ein Schlüssel-zwischenprodukt in der Biosynthese von Artemisinin und eine halbsynthetische Vorstufe in der chemischen Synthese des Arzneimittels ist. Hier berichtenw ir über einen chemoenzymatischen Prozess,der in der Lage ist, DHAAl nur mithilfe der Sesquiterpen-Synthase aus einem gezielt synthetisierten, hydroxylierten FDP-Derivat herzustellen. Dieser Prozess,der die natürlicheS equenz aus Cyclisierung von FDP und Oxidation des Kohlenwasserstoffs umkehrt, stellt eine wesentliche Verbesserung der DHAAl-Synthese dar und zeigt das Potenzial neuer Substrate in der Terpen-Synthase-katalysierten Synthese hochwertiger Naturstoffe auf.
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