Introduction Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is a highly prevalent and often underestimated problem. There is a strong association between urological complaints and FSD. Aims The purpose of this survey was to evaluate how Dutch urologists address FSD in their daily practice. Methods We performed an anonymous survey study. A 17-item anonymous questionnaire was mailed to all 405 registered members of the Dutch Urology Association (urologists and residents in urology). Main Outcome Measures The survey results. Results One hundred eighty-six complete surveys of eligible respondents were returned (45.9% response rate). Ten respondents (5.5%) stated that they ask each female patient for sexual function; 87.1% stated that they ask for sexual function when a patient complains about lower abdominal pain (87.2%), incontinence (75.8%), urgency or frequency (70.5%), or urinary tract infections (65.8%). Many respondents (40.3%) do not think that FSD is meaningful in a urological practice. The majority of respondents (91%) underestimate the frequency of FSD in a urological clinic. Respondents who believe the frequency of FSD to be at least 30% tend to ask more often for sexual function than the rest of the group (P = 0.08). Conclusion Overall, many urologists do not consistently ask each female patient for sexual function and underestimate the prevalence of FSD. For the majority of the members of the Dutch Urological Association, FSD is not part of routine urological practice. There is, therefore, a need for better implementation of education and training at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels.

Introduction There is a strong association between urological complaints and a history of sexual abuse, especially in females. It is not known whether urologists integrate these facts in their daily practice. Aim To evaluate whether Dutch urologists address the issues of sexual abuse in their female patients and to evaluate their perception of sexual abuse prevalences. Methods A five-item anonymous questionnaire was mailed to all 405 registered members of the Dutch Urology Association (urologists and residents). Main Outcome Measures The results of the survey. Results One hundred eighty-six surveys of eligible respondents were returned (45.9% response rate). A total of 68.8% stated that they always ask their female patients about sexual abuse before doing the physical examination. Overall, 79.3% said to do so when a patient has certain urological complaints: 77.6% in case of lower abdominal pain, 62.1% in urgency or frequency, 41.4% in incontinence, 29.3% in urinary tract infections, and 3.4% in hematuria. The majority of the respondents (74.3%) estimated the frequency of sexual abuse in their urological clinic to be equal or less than 10%. Conclusion Nearly 70% of the responding Dutch urologists and residents ask their female patients about possible sexual abuse. They estimate the frequency of sexual abuse in their female patients to be equal or less than 10%.

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conferred increased risk for PD. Men on immunosuppression after transplant had a decreased risk of PD (0.68, 0.62-0.74). When assessing individual medications associated with long-term immunosuppression, we found that dexamethasone (0.81, 0.77-0.85) and cyclophosphamide (0.32, 0.19-0.54) were associated with decreased risk of PD.CONCLUSIONS: Men with PD have a higher risk of hypothyroidism, Raynaud syndrome, psoriasis, sicca syndrome, asthma, and medical allergies, suggesting that immune reactivity may predispose to PD, and that medications that reduce immune reactivity may be protective.

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