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Background: Currently, there are still very limited male contraceptive options. The ideal male contraceptive is still needed and ideally has the characteristics of having sufficient effectiveness,  fully reversible and safe for long-term use.  Several studies have been conducted to explore Piper betle as a contraceptive. Objectives: This study aims to examine the effect of 96% ethanol extract of sirih leaf (Piper betle L.) in reducing rat spermatogenesis quality, which includes the number, concentration, motility and morphology of male rat sperm. Material and Methods: This study used a posttest design with 28 white male rats. The rats were divided into four groups, each consisting of 7 rats. Group I was a control group. The test groups were group II, III, IV, and V, and each received an ethanolic extract of Piper betle leaves with various dosages of 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg body weight (BW), respectively, for 30 days. On day 31, all mice were sacrificed and analyzed for sperm count and concentration, sperm motility and sperm morphology. Results: The administration of 96% Piper betle leaves ethanol extract (PBEE) decreased the number and concentration of rats sperm, decreased progressive sperm motility and reduced the proportion of normal morphological rat sperm. PBEE at 800 mg/kg BW dose showed the greatest decreasing effect among all doses (p = 0.01). Conclusions: PBEE has contraceptive ability with a mechanism to reduce sperm count and concentration, sperm motility and sperm morphology.

Fungal infections are the most common disease in tropical and developing countries. Fungal infections caused by dermatophytes such as Tricophyton. Many plants can be used as traditional medicine, one of which is pineapple (Ananas comosus L.). This study aims to study the benefits of pineapple extract (Ananas comosus L.) on the growth of dermatophytic fungi in tinea corporis in vitro. The type of research conducted is experimental research by making post test only the design of the control group consisting of 4 groups, namely 2 training groups and 2 control groups. The treatment group consists of P1 and P2. each of the concentration groups is pineapple extract (Ananas comosus L.) with a concentration of 10% and 25%. The control group consisted of P3 as a positive control group (Fluconazole) for Dermatophytes in Tinea corporis and P4 patients as negative controls (aquades). The technique used to measure antifungal activity is the disc diffusion method. The results of research on pineapple extract (Ananas comosus L.) at concentrations of 10%, 25%, flukonazole and aquadest did not produce clear zones. Pineapple fruit extract cannot inhibit the growth of dermatophytes in tinea corporis patients.

This study is intended to explain the legal protection given to elementary school children to get the right to education during the COVID 19 period. Because education for children is a child's right that must be fulfilled as a human right. Moreover, the right to education has been explicitly guaranteed in the Amendment to the 1945 Constitution. For this reason, legal research is carried out with an empirical juridical approach which intends to study and analyze the workings of law in society by using secondary data and primary data. The secondary and primary data collected were analyzed qualitatively, then the results were described. Based on an analysis conducted on research conducted in Firdaus Village, Serdang Bedagai Regency, that the right to education for elementary school children during the COVID 19 period was still being fulfilled despite the prohibition on conducting face-to-face learning processes at schools. The implementation of education is carried out through distance learning meetings in the network and distance learning outside the network. In addition, it was also found that there was limited face-to-face learning. However, the use of this learning method takes into account the development of the COVID-19 situation and also the facilities owned by schools, teachers and the condition of students in participating in learning. Schools and teachers evaluate children's education to determine the learning process that will be used.