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For nearly a century, psychologists have increasingly contributed a variety of services to the public safety and national security of the U.S. government and its people. Recently, some have alleged that psychologists working in national security operations have engaged in unethical conduct by interrogating and otherwise using "torture" against persons who have been detained as a result of terroristic activities against American personnel and other targets. It is noted that the American Psychological Association (APA) ruled many years ago that torture was unethical. This article considers such allegations within the context of relevant principles and standards of the APA Ethics Code. Ethical conduct is ultimately the responsibility of the individual psychologist who must be flexibly guided by the aspirations and guidelines of the APA Ethics Code. Furthermore, current events require that APA consider the circumstances within which certain psychologists operate and accordingly revisit the existing ethical standards.

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We present a survey of theoretical orientations of 68 pairs of professional psychologists in clinical practice and their former professors. Similarities between professional psychologists' theoretical orientations and those of the most influential educator in the doctoral program of each were investigated. Educators' attempts to influence theoretical orientations of their former students were examined, as was the effect that the educators' own orientation had on the strength of attempts to influence their students'. Educators' perceptions of attempts to influence were compared with former students' perceptions of how strongly they had felt influenced. Theoretical orientations and perceptions of influence were only moderately correlated between educators and students. Analysis of variance suggested a significant relation between educators' attempts to influence students and students' perceptions of such attempts.

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