This paper provides a framework for making decisions on what type of infrastructure to build and where to build. The basic intuition is that by deriving the marginal physical products of installed infrastructure, we can prioritize infrastructure investment of the same type between regions, and of different types within a region. The methodology is to estimate a panel of regional production functions that allows the intercepts to capture individual differences ('the fixed effects') but uses interactive dummies to capture the effect of individual differences on marginal productivity. This framework could be a useful tool for the management of public capital in an economy subject to fiscal federalism, particularly where the interaction of interest-group struggle and the politics of center-state grants may involve difficult trade-offs.Résumé: Ce document établit un cadre de prise de décision concernant le type d'infrastructures à construire et l'endroit où les construire. L'idée de base est qu'en déterminant le produit matériel marginal des infrastructures installées, nous pouvons classer par ordre de priorités l'investissement dans les infrastructures de même type entre régions et de types différents au sein d'une région. La méthode consiste à définir un panel de fonctions de production régionale dont les coordonnées permettent de saisir les différences individuelles («les effets fixes»), mais qui recourt à des variables muettes pour obtenir l'effet des différences individuelles sur la productivité marginale. Ce cadre pourrait se révéler utile pour la gestion des investissements publics dans une économie sujette au fédéralisme fiscal, en particulier lorsque l'interaction entre les revendications de groupes d'intérêts et la politique de subvention du gouvernement central risque de donner lieu à des arbitrages difficiles.
We survey, using international criteria, the institutional record for quality corporate governance in Africa. The record leads us to the conclusion that corporate governance in Africa is enriched by expanding the framework of analysis beyond the conventional criteria (homo economicus) to incorporate moral sentiments -the influence of norms and values. Such considerations, we argue, can improve our understanding of boardroom dynamics and the characteristics of the decision management and decision control they engender in 'Business Africa'.Résumé: En utilisant des critères internationaux, nous passons en revue les antécédents institutionnels en matière de gouvernance de qualité dans les entreprises en Afrique. Sur la base de ces antécédents, nous pouvons conclure qu'en Afrique, la gouvernance institutionnelle est enrichie par l'élargissement du cadre d'analyse au-delà des critères conventionnels (homo economicus), et l'inclusion des sentiments moraux, l'influence des normes et des valeurs. Nous soutenons que ces considérations nous permettront de mieux appréhender la dynamique des réunions de conseil d'administration ainsi que les caractéristiques de la gestion et du contrôle des décisions qu'elles engendrent dans «les affaires en Afrique».
Insofar that it corrodes governance, engendering opportunistic crimes, grand corruption lies at the core of the problem of illicit financial flows. We identify at least two likely antagonistic circles in the illicit flow process-a virtuous circle and a vicious circle-both rooted in one common factor, namely, the strategic complementarity between corruption and governance. Also, we consider the scope of global governance architecture in encouraging banks to "do the crime, pay the fine, and do no time." Given this structure, the observed, rampant impudence of banks' participation in illicit financial flows is understandable and society would not be shocked should global mega-banks increasingly resemble a police establishment run by ex-convicts. Curbing illicit flows in such a circumstance would be daunting. Therefore, civil society must live up to its civic responsibilities by displacing the vicious cycle first through creating the right incentives for politicians to identify negatively with illicit financial flows.
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