One of the biggest health challenges of21' 1 century is diabetics due to its exponential increase in the diabetics patients in the age group of 20-79 years. To prevent the complication due to diabetics it is essential to monitor the blood glucose level continuously. Most of the regular glucose measurement systems are invasive in nature. Invasive methods cause pain, time consumption, high cost and potential risk of spreading infection diseases. Therefore there is a great demand to have reliable cost effective and comfortable non invasive system for the detection of blood glucose level continuously. The proposed method is based on the direct effect of glucose on the scattering properties of the organ. Glucose decreases the mismatch in refractive index between scatterers and their surrounding media, leading to a smaller scattering coefficient and, consequently, a shorter optical path. The reduction in scattering is due to an increase in glucose concentration. As a result, with the growing concentration of glucose, fewer photons are absorbed and the light intensity increases. In the present work, we have used PPG technique. An algorithm was developed from the PPG data for monitoring blood glucose. The result obtained from this technique was compared with ARKRA Y, Glucocard t mOI-mini and found good agreement.

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In this study, a Long Range (LoRa) based bidirectional secured communication link for controlling and monitoring the robots from a remote location is proposed. The security features and structure of the LoRa is build upon the standard protocol called LoRa wide area networks (LoRaWAN). To take advantage of these features, LoRa devices/end modules need to be connected to a network server through a LoRa gateway. However, for certain military scenarios like war zones, terrorist attack sites, disaster sites etc., the availability of standard network cannot be guaranteed, and therefore, the security features available with LoRaWAN protocol cannot be guaranteed. To overcome this critical limitation, a LoRa based secured device for establishing a bidirectional communication link between the base station and the robots without relying on any network is proposed. To secure the exchanged data, a cryptographic protocol is developed, and confidentiality, authenticity and integrity of the transmitted data between the base station and the robot are ensured. The protocol is then implemented with a pair of LoRa devices and its functionality is tested from a remote location by controlling and monitoring a Pioneer-P3Dx robot from a distance of 1.2 miles. The test shows that the proposed cryptographic protocol can securely control and track the robot from a remote location.

To avoid risking the lives of rescue team personnel in the event of disasters like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, etc., Search and Rescue (SAR) robots are increasingly incorporated into the operation. One of the major challenges in integrating SAR robots into rescue operations is the potentially severely damaged infrastructure within the disaster site. A functional communication system is critical for exchanging real-time information between the robots and the base station. Given the limited coverage or absence of communication systems in a severely affected disaster site, a novel communication architecture for search & rescue missions based on Long Range (LoRa) Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) and a SAR robot called Rescuer are proposed. Rescuer is a SAR robot that can operate in worst-case disaster sites where all communication infrastructure has been wiped out. It has been tested in a Gazebo simulated environment as well as an actual test setup inside the University of Detroit Mercy's lab facility and showed great promise. In this test, the Rescuer robot was monitored and controlled from a remote base station.

Major abrupt-onset cataclysmic events such as earthquakes, storms, floods, etc., typically damage infrastructure, cause injury, trap numerous individuals, and result in a massive death toll. A prompt life-saving response is required to rescue those who are marooned or trapped under debris. The difference between life and death can be a matter of how fast search and rescue attempts are carried out. On the other hand, these life-saving search and rescue operations are faced with real-time dynamic changes in the disaster site, in addition to possible communication network failure. This paper proposes a novel vision-based robot platooning algorithm that is capable of maneuvering teams of search and rescue robots in a dynamic disaster site, under the worst-case scenario of no available communication network. The algorithm was tested to drive teams of Pioneer-P3Dx and Jackal robots in five real different challenging disaster sites. The proposed algorithm showed enough robustness in all experiments to adapt to the dynamic environmental changes and drove the platoon to the desired destinations even when the team leader was lost.