(1) Background: Antimicrobial resistance causes significant disease burden in low- and middle-income countries. The objective of this paper is to describe antibiotic dispensing/prescribing practices and underlying factors associated with these practices among community-based healthcare workers. (2) Methods: Cross-sectional survey data were collected from private and public health facilities in 14 union councils, Lahore Pakistan. Respondents included physicians, nurses, lady health workers/volunteers, midwives, pharmacy and medicine shop employees, and medical technicians. Descriptive and bivariate analysis are used to present the data; (3) Results: 177 respondents completed the survey. In terms of weekly dispensing of antibiotics, the most common were Amoxicillin/Augmentin (2.3 [SD 1.5]), Cefixine (2.4 [SD 1.6]), and Azithromycin (2.5 [SD 2.1]). For children, antibiotics were more likely to be prescribed/dispensed for sore throat (54.3%/95) and diarrhea (48.9%/86). For adults, antibiotics were more likely to be prescribed/dispensed for sore throat (67.0%/118), diarrhea (59.7%/105) and burning sensation when urinating (55.7%/176). In total, 55.4% of respondents stated that they have sold partial antibiotic courses to patients/customers. A total of 44.6% of respondents incorrectly answered that antibiotics could be used for viral infections; (4) Conclusions: Data from this study and similar research emphasize the urgent need to implement community-based stewardship programs for all healthcare workers.

The present study was carried out to investigate the experiences of sexual harassment among female prisoners in jail. 100 female prisoners from central jails of Gujrat and Gujranwala district (Gujrat = 35, Gujranwala = 65) participated in the study. The data were collected by using purposive sampling. Sexual Harassment Experiences Questionnaire (Kamal & Tariq, 1997) was used to measure study variable. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Mean, standard deviation (M = 151.2, SD = 12.28) and graphical representation of data were made in descriptive statistics. In inferential statistics, Shapiro-Wilk's test was used which indicated normal distribution of data (p = .76). Further, two-step cluster analysis was applied to identify level of sexual harassment among female prisoners. Results of cluster analysis categorized data into three levels high, medium and low. The study established that 80% of respondents scored on medium level of Unwanted Sexual Attention and 9% of respondents scored on high level of Gender Harassment, whereas, 11% of respondents scored on low level of Sexual Coercion. Overall, results of study depicted that there was medium level of sexual harassment among female prisoners. Results of this study would be useful for policy makers and higher administration of the Jail department in order to improve jail environment by preventing sexual harassment.

Background: shin splints are depicting a condition in which leg torment and distress in distal posteromedial part of leg is brought about by dreary action and it rejects reasons for torment because of stress cracks or because of ischemia. Purpose of study: Study aimed to find the prevalence of shin splints among treadmill users in gym. Materials & Methods: The study was observational cross-sectional survey. Purposive sampling was done. 152 data were collected from different gyms of Lahore, Faisalabad and Sargodha, Pakistan. Both male and females aged 18-25 years with duration of gym from last 6 months at least 3 days a week and currently using gym were included in study while person with any physical and anatomical disability or history of surgery of lower limb and systemic illness. (e.g., deep venous thrombosis) were excluded from study. Data was analyzed using SPSS V 23. Descriptive statistics in form of frequency and percentages was presented. Pie and bar charts were plotted. Data was collected through self-devised questionnaire and Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome Score and Ankle Brachial Index and Shin Palpation Test were applied Results: Mean age of participants was 21 years. Out of 140 participants after systemic disease exclusion 87% participants felt pain in lower leg. While 57.1 (n=80) showed some or moderate arterial diseases when evaluated through Ankle Brachial Index. 17.9% (n=25) showed positive shin palpation indicating shin splints. Shin splints were twice as likely to occur in physically active people who had previously reported a running-related injury. To stop the problem from worsening, it is crucial to determine whether treadmill users have shin splints. This study was carried out in Sargodha, Punjab, to discover shin splints in treadmill users. The purpose of this study was to shed light on the frequency and origin of shin splints among treadmill users. Athletes who experience medial shin pain (MSP) may be unable to run. The incidence especially among treadmill users was not previously investigated. Since there was no literature on the population chosen, this topic was chosen. Conclusion: Use of treadmill is one of causes of shin splint and factors associated were duration of treadmill use and supervised use of treadmill while person with shin splint have pain during walking, sporting and running activities which reduced activities. Keywords: Shin Splints, Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome, Treadmill, Gym.

Background: Adolescence is the most crucial period with uplifted energy need that demands an intense nutritive care for fulfillment of complete good wellbeing in the upcoming life course and evaluation of the nutrient inadequacy as a part of their daily routine tells about diet quality which is an essential element at every stages of a human life. Aim: To assess the energy insufficiency of adolescents in low and high socioeconomic status as it has high significance in the growing stages because it affects both the physiological and psychological aspects of overall well-being. Method: This was a comparative cross-sectional study. The research was conducted on 410 adolescent girls and boys with age ranging from 10 to 14 years of Lahore from public and private sector schools selected through lottery method that basically reflects low and high socioeconomic background effects with detailed energy intake analysis and association of nutritional status to the total energy consumed per day of these groups. The data was collected on the basis of a questionnaire consisting of demographics and 24-hr recall calculated by taking an average of the last 3 days’ food intake. Results: The results revealed that adolescent groups belonging to high socioeconomic class were more in the normal health status, had less energy insufficient values and better food quality than adolescents from low socio economic class. Practical implication: The study will provide light to do in depth research should be conducted in the community in innovative ways for the better understanding of nutritional health related problems and its solutions for the children as well as adolescents as the new generation are the future of our beloved country. Conclusion: The result shows that as socioeconomic status tends to get better, diet quality improves and encourages a healthy lifestyle as compared to those living in improvised conditions. Keywords: Adolescence, Nutrient Inadequacy Energy Insufficient, 24-Hr Recall

Introduction: Stress is an unwanted condition for any reason, affecting an individual’s life and developing socio-psychology problems. Identifying the main causes of the stress may vary different sources and especially for those who are working in a critical area of the hospital. Aim: The main focus of the study is to interpret the effects of stress and strategic methods for reducing the stress among Nurses, working in the Intensive care unit of PIMS hospital. Methodology: Cross-sectional study was conducted among ICU nurses of the PIMS hospital Islamabad. Our sample size was 150 nurses in critical areas, using a very simple method of obtaining the data. Result: Overall findings of the result are showing that ICU nurses have insufficient knowledge about operating the main machinery creating more stress, conflicts with co- workers and doctors, prolonged shifts, and lack of support from seniors. These are the main reasons for the stress. The data was collected by the distribution of an official format questionnaire among the ICU nurses and their data was kept confidential. Conclusion: The main motive of the study is to evaluate the knowledge of stress coping skills among ICU nurses and managerial skills and techniques which can reduce stress levels. Cognitive therapies and different training programs should be arranged by the ICU management and spare some time for recreational activities, maintain a balanced diet and keep busy with patient care and avoid unnecessary activities. Seniors and doctors should encourage their juniors and create a pleasant, positive atmosphere. All these activities can promote the health status of the patient. Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 9, Issue-3: 94-102.