The economic and humanistic impact of COVID-19 pandemic is enormous globally. No definitive treatment exists, hence accelerated development and approval of COVID-19 vaccines, offers a unique opportunity for COVID-19 prevention and control. Vaccine hesitancy may limit the success of vaccine distribution in Africa, therefore we assessed the potentials for coronavirus vaccine hesitancy and its determinants among Africans. An online cross-sectional African-wide survey was administered in Arabic, English, and French languages. Questions on demographics, self-reported health status, vaccine literacy, knowledge and perception on vaccines, past experience, behavior, infection risk, willingness to receive and affordability of the SARS-COV-2 vaccine were asked. Data were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistics. A total of 5,416 individuals completed the survey. Approximately, 94% were residents of 34 African countries while the other Africans live in the Diaspora. Only 63% of all participants surveyed were willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccination as soon as possible and 79% were worried about its side effects. Thirty-nine percent expressed concerns of vaccine-associated infection. The odds of vaccine hesitancy was 0.28 (95% CI: 0.22, 0.30) among those who believed their risk of infection was very high, compared to those who believed otherwise. The odds of vaccine hesitancy was one-fifth (OR = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.16, 0.28) among those who believed their risk of falling sick was very high, compared to those who believed their risk of falling very sick was very low. The OR of vaccine hesitancy was 2.72 (95% CI: 2.24, 3.31) among those who have previously refused a vaccine for themselves or their child compared to counterparts with no self-reported history of vaccine hesitancy. Participants want the vaccines to be mandatory (40%), provided free of charge (78%) and distributed in homes and offices (44%). COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is substantial among Africans based on perceived risk of coronavirus infection and past experiences.

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Aim of the present study To assess the changes in hormonal profile (serum FSH, LH, prolactin and total testosterone) following laparoscopic ovarian drilling (LOD) in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Materials and methods Fifty patients with PCOS have been included in this study. Serum prolactin, total testosterone, follicular-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels have been used as biochemical markers, before and after procedures. Results Laparoscopic ovarian drilling was successfully employed without any surgical complications and on an average follow-up time of 24 weeks after the procedure. During the follow-up serum values for prolactin, total testosterone and LH have decreased significantly and FSH levels remained unchanged after the procedure. 123Conclusions The LOD in patients with PCOS may avoid or reduce the risk of OHSS and the multiple pregnancy rate induced by gonadotropin therapy. The high pregnancy rate and the economic aspect of the procedure offer an attractive management for patients with PCOS. However, LOD can be considered as second-line treatment after clomiphene citrate treatment failure and/or resistance.

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in pregnancy, i.e., prepartum anemia, is associated with premature birth, low birth weight, and small for gestational age of the newborn and is furthermore closely associated with the occurrence of anemia after delivery of a child, i.e., in the postpartum period .Post partum anemia is a common problem throughout the world. Through this study, aim of the work (frequency of post partum anemia and risk factors for its development) & objectives was done. The study showed that percentage of antepartum anemia was about 64.3% this percentage postpartum increased to about 65.4% and 13.6% of those with antepartum normal hemoglobine level became anemic and there were 12.5% anemic improved postpartum and became normal. The major causes of postpartum anemia are prepartum iron deficiency/anemia in combination with excessive blood losses at delivery. Post partum anemia is not affected by demographic data, obstetric history, ante-partum u/s and partum history. Antepartum hemorrage was not significantly associated with postpartum anemia. The more the estimated blood loss during labor the more the postpartum anemia. Through follow up of post partum anemia cases and treated it according type of anemia (oral, intravenous, folate supplementation and blood transfusion) Outcome of treatment of anemia after 8 weeks 61.02 % is improved & 38.98% is not improved.Conclusion: The major causes of postpartum anemia are prepartum iron deficiency/anemia in combination with excessive blood losses at delivery. The study showed that percentage of antepartum anemia was about 64.3% this percentage postpartum increased to about 65.4% and 13.6% of those with normal antepartum hemoglobine level became anemic postpartum and there were 12.5% anemic improved postpartum and became normal.

Obesity is a growing problem and a major health problem. In 1919, Dr. Kelly described obesity by saying that "to be a storehouse for useless adipose tissue and to carry this handicap around, openly displayed wherever one goes, is one of most distressing of life's minor ailments." It has complex negative effects on the functions and procedures of various organs, and includes problems relating to wound healing .