The GI, GL and II values of starchy foods provide important information for the public to manage their diet and could be useful for the prevention of lifestyle-related diseases such as diabetes mellitus.

The study evaluated and compared the differences of glucose responses, incremental area under curve (IAUC), glycemic index (GI) and the classification of GI values between measured by biochemical analyzer (Fuji automatic biochemistry analyzer (FAA)) and three glucose meters: Accue Chek Advantage (AGM), BREEZE 2 (BGM), and Optimum Xceed (OGM). Ten healthy subjects were recruited for the study. The results showed OGM yield highest postprandial glucose responses of 119.6 ± 1.5, followed by FAA, 118.4 ± 1.2, BGM, 117.4 ± 1.4 and AGM, 112.6 ± 1.3 mg/dl respectively. FAA reached highest mean IAUC of 4156 ± 208 mg × min/dl, followed by OGM (3835 ± 270 mg × min/dl), BGM (3730 ± 241 mg × min/dl) and AGM (3394 ± 253 mg × min/dl). Among four methods, OGM produced highest mean GI value than FAA (87 ± 5) than FAA, followed by BGM and AGM (77 ± 1, 68 ± 4 and 63 ± 5, p<0.05). The results suggested that the AGM, BGM and OGM are more variable methods to determine IAUC, GI and rank GI value of food than FAA. The present result does not necessarily apply to other glucose meters. The performance of glucose meter to determine GI value of food should be evaluated and calibrated before use.

Although an international table of glycemic index (GI) values has been published, most listed values pertain to single foods. However, in recent years, mixed-diet GI has been widely studied. This study determined the dose-response and mixture interaction effects of food processing supplements (gluten protein, canola oil, and dextrin fiber) combined with white rice on glycemic response and GI. Twelve healthy adults aged 18-26 years were fed a test or reference food containing 50 g of available carbohydrates. Venous blood samples were collected before the meal and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min after the meal. The results showed that white rice has a GI value of 93.8±2.8. Supplementation with various amounts of lipids and dextrin reduced the GI slightly, whereas gluten supplementation significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the GI from 93.8 to 84.9 and 83.1, respectively. Analysis of the interaction of gluten, lipids, and dextrin on GI using three-way ANOVA revealed that significant effects on GI value were found with gluten (p < 0.01) and dextrin (p < 0.05). Moreover, adding a gluten protein and dextrin fiber mixture yielded a larger glycemic control effect than adding a lipid and dextrin fiber mixture did. In conclusion, adding gluten protein supplements to rice products may reduce overall postprandial glycemic response and induce a lower GI in healthy people.