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The use of natural language processing to analyze binary data is a popular research topic in malware analysis. Embedding binary code into a vector is an important basis for building a binary analysis neural network model. Current solutions focus on embedding instructions or basic block sequences into vectors with recurrent neural network models or utilizing a graph algorithm on control flow graphs or annotated control flow graphs to generate binary representation vectors. In malware analysis, most of these studies only focus on the single structural information of the binary and rely on one corpus. It is difficult for vectors to effectively represent the semantics and functionality of binary code. Therefore, this study proposes aligned assembly pre-training function embedding, a function embedding scheme based on a pre-training aligned assembly. The scheme creatively applies data augmentation and a triplet network structure to the embedding model training. Each sub-network extracts instruction sequence information using the self-attention mechanism and basic block graph structure information with the graph convolution network model. An embedding model is pre-trained with the produced aligned assembly triplet function dataset and is subsequently evaluated against a series of comparative experiments and application evaluations. The results show that the model is superior to the state-of-the-art methods in terms of precision, precision ranking at top N (p@N), and the area under the curve, verifying the effectiveness of the aligned assembly pre-training and multi-level information extraction methods.

With the improvement of software copyright protection awareness, code obfuscation technology plays a crucial role in protecting key code segments. As the obfuscation technology becomes more and more complex and diverse, it has spawned a large number of malware variants, which make it easy to evade the detection of anti-virus software. Malicious code detection mainly depends on binary code similarity analysis. However, the existing software analysis technologies are difficult to deal with the growing complex obfuscation technologies. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a new obfuscation-resilient program analysis method, which is based on the data flow transformation relationship of the intermediate representation and the graph network model. In our approach, we first construct the data transformation graph based on LLVM IR. Then, we design a novel intermediate language representation model based on graph networks, named DFSGraph, to learn the data flow semantics from DTG. DFSGraph can detect the similarity of obfuscated code by extracting the semantic information of program data flow without deobfuscation. Extensive experiments prove that our approach is more accurate than existing deobfuscation tools when searching for similar functions from obfuscated code.