Citation: Wang Q, Wang YX, Wu SL, et al. Ocular axial length and diabetic retinopathy: the Kailuan Eye Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2019;60:3689-3695. https://doi.org/ 10.1167/iovs.19-27531 PURPOSE.To examine the role of ocular axial length as an ocular parameter for the prevalence and severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR). METHODS.The cross-sectional Kailuan Diabetic Retinopathy Study included patients with diabetes who participated in the community-based longitudinal Kailuan Study and who had undergone ocular fundus photography. The fundus photographs were graded using the Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study criteria. RESULTS.The study included 1096 patients with diabetes (mean age: 60.8 6 9.4 years; axial length: 23.37 6 0.92 mm). In binary regression analysis, a higher DR prevalence was associated with shorter axial length (P ¼ 0.007; odds ratio [OR]: 0.81; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.70, 0.95) after adjusting for longer known duration of diabetes (P ¼ 0.02; OR: 1.13; 95%CI: 1.02, 1.24) and higher fasting blood glucose concentration (P < 0.001; OR: 1.38; 95%CI: 1.26, 1.52). A more severe DR stage was associated (regression coefficient r: 0.46) with shorter ocular axial length (P ¼ 0.047; standardized regression coefficient b: À0.06) after adjusting for higher fasting blood glucose (P < 0.001; b: 0.41) and longer known duration of diabetes (P ¼ 0.045; b: 0.07). Longer axial length was associated with a lower DR prevalence (P ¼ 0.003; b: À0.10) after adjusting for younger age (P < 0.001), male sex (P < 0.001), higher body mass index (P ¼ 0.016), and lower fasting blood glucose concentration (P ¼ 0.036). CONCLUSIONS.After adjusting for systemic risk factors, DR prevalence decreased by 19% (95%CI: 5, 30) for each millimeter increase in axial length. With longer axial length being a surrogate for axial myopia, the marked increase in myopia prevalence worldwide may lead to a relative decrease in the prevalence and incidence of DR in future.

Purpose: To investigate macular microvascular characteristics imaged by optical coherence tomography angiography in patients with uveal melanoma following conbercept injections after plaque radiotherapy. Methods: Prospective comparative analysis comprising 15 patients with uveal melanoma with conbercept injections and 30 patients without conbercept injections after plaque radiotherapy by optical coherence tomography angiography. The conbercept group received intravitreal conbercept injections at the time of plaque removal, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months , 9 months and 12 months after plaque removal (total, 6 injections). The control group had no intravitreal conbercept injection. Results: After initiation of conbercept injections, superficial retinal vascular density in the whole image and parafoveal region were significantly higher at 6 months, whereas there was no significant difference at 9 months and 12 months. In analysis of variance analysis, superficial retinal vascular density in the whole image remained stable after conbercept injections (P = 0.069), whereas the superficial retinal vascular density decreased significantly after plaque radiotherapy in the control group (P = 0.011). In multivariable linear regression, a higher superficial retinal vascular density in the whole image region at 6 months was significantly associated with intravitreal conbercept injection (P = 0.018), wider tumor base (P = 0.026), and thinner tumor thickness (P = 0.04). Conclusion: Optical coherence tomography angiography can provide a quantitative evaluation of early retinal microvascular changes after radiotherapy. Intravitreal conbercept treatment could partly relieve the retinal vascular damage in response to radiation therapy at early stage in patients with uveal melanoma; however, it may not be able to provide long-term positive functional outcomes.

Most pesticides mixing devices adopt open-loop control mode, its mixing precision is affected by undesired signal of mixing medicine line and the precision of pesticide injection equipment.In this paper the online pesticides mixing technology with closed-loop liquid injection method and the concentration tested as the feedback signal was studied in order to obtain the high efficiency and low cost online pesticides mixer. A pesticide mixing ratio detection method and equipment based on light permeability of pesticides, a pesticide injection device controlled by PWM duty cycle and a low power consumption control unit based on single chip microcomputer MSP430F149 are designed in the research. With these units above, an online pesticide mixer with mixing ratio feedback is constructed and a fixed-point tracking experiment on the Paraquat SL mixing pesticide and water by 1:200 is conducted. The result shows that the online pesticide mixer can acquire mixing ratio information in time,automatically adjust injection volume of pesticides and accurately tracks the set of mixing ratio. The error of mixing ratio relatively less than 4.3% and the regulating time not more than 2.6s.These mean that without flowmetre controlling the technological device can realize mixing pesticide online quickly with high precision ,and the device should be economical and practical, easy to generalize, in addition ,it reduced environment pollution and operators poison risk generated by pesticide spraying.