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The phylogenetic positions of two little-known species of Cymbidium (Cymbidiinae) with creeping rhizomatous habit, C. lii and C. repens, has previously been unclear. Here, we present a comprehensive molecular phylogenetic study of the genus based on nuclear ribosomal ITS and seven plastid regions. All analyses showed that C. lii and C. repens are sister to C. dayanum, an epiphytic species, with high support. However, many topological conflicts in inter- and intra-sectional relationships were observed in other parts of the trees, supporting existence of hybridization in Cymbidium but not affecting the taxa of interest in this study.

A new species of Cymbidium (Orchidaceae), C. weishanense, from Yunnan Province, China, is illustrated and described based on morphological and molecular evidence. Morphological comparison indicates that C. weishanense is similar to C. concinnum but differs in several floral characteristics. Molecular analyses based on nuclear ribosomal (ITS) and plastid DNA (matK and rbcL) support the status of C. weishanense as a new species. Due to the low support for nrITS, it is possible that this is a natural hybrid of C. concinnum with C. insigne or another related species.

The complete plastid genome of Bulbophyllum pingnanense, a critically endangered species, was determined and analyzed in this study. The complete genome was 151,224 bp in length, consisting of a large single-copy region (LSC) of 86,017 bp, a small single-copy region (SSC) of 13,497 bp, and two inverted repeat (IR) regions of 25,855 bp. The genome contained 127 genes, including 81 proteincoding genes, 38 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and eight ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that B. pingnanense is sister to B. inconspicuum.