No abstract

Although perovskite solar cells have produced remarkable energy conversion efficiencies, they cannot become commercially viable without improvements in durability. We used gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to reveal signature volatile products of the decomposition of organic hybrid perovskites under thermal stress. In addition, we were able to use GC-MS to confirm that a low-cost polymer/glass stack encapsulation is effective in suppressing such outgassing. Using such an encapsulation scheme, we produced multi-cation, multi-halide perovskite solar cells containing methylammonium that exceed the requirements of the International Electrotechnical Commission 61215:2016 standard by surviving more than 1800 hours of the Damp Heat test and 75 cycles of the Humidity Freeze test.

Cesium (Cs) metal halide perovskites for photovoltaics have gained research interest due to their better thermal stability compared to their organic−inorganic counterparts. However, demonstration of highly efficient Cs-based perovskite solar cells requires high annealing temperature, which limits their use in multijunction devices. In this work, low-temperatureprocessed cesium lead (Pb) halide perovskite solar cells are demonstrated. We have also successfully incorporated the less toxic strontium (Sr) at a low concentration that partially substitutes Pb in CsPb 1−x Sr x I 2 Br. The crystallinity, morphology, absorption, photoluminescence, and elemental composition of this low-temperature-processed CsPb 1−x Sr x I 2 Br are studied. It is found that the surface of the perovskite film is enriched with Sr, providing a passivating effect. At the optimal concentration (x = 0.02), a mesoscopic perovskite solar cell using CsPb 0.98 Sr 0.02 I 2 Br achieves a stabilized efficiency at 10.8%. This work shows the potential of inorganic perovskite, stimulating further development of this material.