Curcumin, a polyphenolic compound isolated from the herb turmeric rhizome, is of interest for its potent biological activity, and in vitro studies have shown that it has broad anticancer activity. We investigated the impact of curcumin on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of TNBC Hs578T cells and further explored the underlying mechanisms. It was confirmed that the proliferation and motility of curcumin-treated Hs578T cells were inhibited, and bioinformatic RNA sequencing techniques further complemented the results we obtained. Finally, the sequencing results were validated using western blot experiments. Thus, we confirmed that curcumin could inhibit the proliferation and cell motility of TNBC Hs578T cells through the mTOR signaling pathway and the migration and invasion of Hs578T cells through EMT, which provide a theoretical and experimental basis for the clinical treatment of TNBC with curcumin by complementing each other through multiple approaches.