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With high-temporal coherence and low-phase noise, narrowlinewidth lasers have important applications in spectroscopy, holography, and coherent detection. At present, ultra-narrowlinewidth lasing is generated by solid-state, optical fiber, and semiconductor lasers, which serve as a good light source for scientific research and industrial applications. In this article, we summarize the fundamental techniques and review recent developments in narrow-linewidth lasers. Moreover, typical applications of narrow-linewidth lasers are discussed to provide reliable and easy-to-use references for comparing the performance of narrow-linewidth lasers.

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Nonradiative energy transfer (NRET) under light–matter strong coupling interaction provides an efficient method to achieve the ultralong-distance and ultrafast energy transfer, which is of significance in realizing remote control chemistry and the real-time dynamic research of biological macromolecules interaction and so on. Here we show that not only can the cavity mode first resonate with the donor to form a cascade hybrid light–matter states to drive energy transfer, when the cavity mode first resonates with the acceptor, it also can enhance the nonradiative energy transfer between the donor and the acceptor. Importantly, although these two strong coupling systems can enhance energy transfer, the polariton-mediated energy transfer mechanism behind these processes is different. By employing the quantum Tavis–Cummings theory, we calculate the time evolution of the mean photon number of each polariton state to analyze the energy transfer effect under different strongly coupled states.

The interaction between plasmons and molecular excitons, which can usher in a wide range of novel results under both an electronic and a vibrational strongly coupled state, has attracted great interest over the past decade. Motivated by biosensing detection and chemical property manipulation, the formation mechanism of coupled hybrid polaritons must be demonstrated. Here, several effects based on the interaction between multiple plasmonic modes and a single molecular exciton have been identified using a classic oscillator coupled model. The relationships among the absorption-induced transparency (AIT) effect, Fano interference, and strong coupling are quantificationally analyzed by this model. We find that the dominant mode of conversion from AIT to a strong coupling effect is the plasmonic mode, which depends on the structural period of the plasmonic structure. Furthermore, through optimization of the molecular absorbance, the Rabi splitting is modulated to a maximum of 663 meV and the effective coupling strength reaches up to 0.316. This research paves the way to enhancing the coupling strength and utilizing induced transparency for nanolasing and sensing devices in future applied fields.