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We experimentally studied the three-body fragmentation dynamics of a noble gas cluster (ArKr2) upon its multiple ionization by an intense femtosecond laser pulse. The three-dimensional momentum vectors of correlated fragmental ions were measured in coincidence for each fragmentation event. A novel comet-like structure was observed in the Newton diagram of the quadruple-ionization-induced breakup channel of ArKr24+ → Ar+ + Kr+ + Kr2+. The concentrated head part of the structure mainly originates from the direct Coulomb explosion process, while the broader tail part of the structure stems from a three-body fragmentation process involving electron transfer between the distant Kr+ and Kr2+ ion fragments. Due to the field-driven electron transfer, the Coulomb repulsive force of the Kr2+ and Kr+ ions with respect to the Ar+ ion undergoes exchange, leading to the changes of the ion emission geometry in the Newton plot. An energy sharing among the separating Kr2+ and Kr+ entities was observed. Our study indicates a promising approach for investigating the strong-field-driven intersystem electron transfer dynamics by using Coulomb explosion imaging of an isosceles triangle van der Waals cluster system.

The explosive development of the big data era has driven the rapid growth of silicon photonics, and logic operators based on photonic circuits have also been intensively investigated. Photonic integrated logic operators possess a high degree of design freedom and novel prospects, and they are regarded as promising platforms for future signaling and data processing. In this work, considering all-optical logic operation with lower power consumption and a smaller device footprint, multifunctional all-optical logic gates based on silicon photonic crystal (PhC) waveguides and phase-encoded light beams are proposed and applied to realize several logic operators, including XNOR, XOR, NOR, AND gates as well as a half adder and half subtractor. The initial phases ( π and 0) of incident light represent the input digital states (1 and 0), and the logic operation results are determined by the output light intensity. Also, simulations are carried out to verify the proposed concept and to investigate the rise time, fall time, and cross talk of the devices. Theoretically, the bit rate for the proposed device can reach 1.25 Tb/s, and the proposed structures have the potential to be extremely compact due to PhC waveguides.

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