BackgroundIn Sub-Saharan Africa, both HIV/AIDS and anemia have considerable public health problems. Anemia has an adverse effect on treatment outcome and it decreases the quality of life among adult HIV patients. This study was aimed to assess the prevalence of anemia and its associated factors among adult HIV positive patients in Wolaita Sodo University Teaching Referral Hospital.MethodInstitution based cross-sectional study was conducted at Wolaita Sodo University Teaching Referral Hospital from 01 October to December 30, 2016. A randomly selected 411 adult people living with the human immunodeficiency virus were included in the study. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect data. Variables with P-value ≤0.25 in the bivariable logistic regression model were taken into multivariable logistic regression analysis along with 95% confidence interval and Odds Ratio was used to examine the association between anemia and independent variables. P˗value ≤ 0.05 was taken as statistically significant.ResultPrevalence of anemia in this study was 36.5% with 95% CI (32%-41%). Factors associated with anemia among adult people living with HIV/AIDS were individuals who lived with HIV ≥9years (AOR = 2.6, 95% CI:-1.03–6.59),years lived with HIV 5–8 years (AOR = 2.59, 95% CI:-1.02–6.57),CD4 count <200cells/ul (AOR = 4.2, 95%CI:-2.03–8.67), CD4 count200-350cells/ul(AOR = 1.82,95%CI:-1.01–3.26),infection with intestinal parasites (AOR = 2.04, 95% CI:-1.06–3.95), Participants with BMI <18.5kg/m2 (AOR = 2.96, 95%CI:-1.37–6.390),BMI 18.5-25kg/m2(AOR = 1.98, 95%CI:-1.11–3.56) and being HAART naïve (AOR = 2.23, 95% CI:- 1.16–4.28).ConclusionPrevalence of anemia among this study participant was high. This may affect the treatment outcome, increases morbidity and mortality of the participants. So periodic screening of anemia, a routine checkup of nutritional status, CD4 count and examination for intestinal parasite are essential.

Background The magnitude of fetal macrosomia is high and associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes, especially among women in developing countries like Ethiopia. Despite the observed burden, there is limited evidence on determinants of fetal macrosomia. This study aimed to identify determinants of fetal macrosomia among live births at Wolaita Sodo town Southern Ethiopia. Methods A facility-based matched case-control study design involved 360 singletons deliveries attended at hospitals in Wolaita Sodo town, southern Ethiopia, with 120 cases and 240 controls included. Cases and control were matched by maternal age. Cases were neonates with a birth weight of ≥4000, while controls were neonates with a birthweight between 2500gm and less than 4000gm. Data were collected by interviews, measuring, and reviewing mothers' medical documents. Conditional logistic regression analysis was carried to identify the independent predictor variables. Statistical significance was set using a p-value<0.05 and 95% CI for AOR. Results Male neonates were four times more likely to be macrosomia than female neonates AOR=4.0 [95%CI; 2.25-7.11, p<0.001]. Neonates born at gestational age ≥40 weeks were 4.33 times more likely to be macrosomia with AOR= 4.33 [95%CI; 2.37-7.91, p<0.001]. Neonates born from physically active mothers were 7.76 times more likely to be macrosomia with AOR= 7.76 [95CI; 3.33-18.08, p<0.001]. Neonates born from mothers who consumed fruits and dairy products in their diet frequently were 2 and 4.9 times more likely to be macrosomia AOR=2.03 [95%CI; 1.11-3.69, p=0.021] and AOR= 4.91[95%CI; 2.36-10.23, p<0.001] respectively. Conclusion Mothers' physical exercise and consumption of fruit and dairy products were significant predictor variables for fetal macrosomia. Hence, health care providers may use these factors as a screening tool for the prediction, early diagnosis, and timely intervention of fetal macrosomia and its complications.