AimsTo investigate the level of spiritual health in older patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) from the core dimensions and to explore its associated factors.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsParticipants were recruited from four hospitals between September 2020 and June 2021, using a convenience sampling. Older patients with COPD (n = 162) completed the demographic and disease‐related information questionnaires, Function Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy Spiritual Scale, 10‐item Connor‐Davidson Resilience Scale, General Self‐efficacy Scale, Social Support Rating Scale, COPD Assessment Test, 15‐item Geriatric Depression Scale and modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale. Descriptive statistics, Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses, t‐tests, one‐way ANOVA and multiple linear regression models were used.ResultsOlder patients with COPD have a moderate level of spiritual health. The multiple linear regression analysis showed that psychological resilience, general self‐efficacy, social support, symptom burden and monthly income were associated with the core dimensions of spiritual health.ConclusionChinese older patients with COPD have a moderate level of spiritual health. Psychological resilience, general self‐efficacy, social support, monthly income and symptom burden were associated with the core dimensions of spiritual health.ImpactThis study is the first to investigate the level of spiritual health in older patients with COPD from the core dimensions and to explore its associated factors, providing a basis for developing spiritual intervention programs. Our findings can help us realize that intervention strategies of psychological resilience, general self‐efficacy and social support can all be used to enhance spiritual health. Nurses should focus on the spiritual health of older COPD patients with high symptom burden and low monthly income.Patient or Public ContributionAlthough we did not directly involve patients and the public because of the COVID‐19 pandemic, the results of the study will be disseminated to patients and the public through WeChat and seminars.

Introduction Tele-pulmonary rehabilitation is increasingly advocated but cannot completely substitute for in-person services for chronic conditions. Adherence to Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) remains low in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Shared decision-making (SDM) promotes patients' participation in PR decisions and helps patients and healthcare providers to jointly make decisions that patients are informed and aligned with patient preferences and values, which are critical for patient adherence to PR. Objective This study aimed to develop a hybrid in-person and virtual model of home-based PR services for older COPD patients and study the effectiveness of the patient decision aid (PDA)-supported recurring SDM intervention on patient adherence to PR, rehabilitation outcomes, and decision-related outcomes, as well as to explore the mechanisms of the intervention on PR adherence. Methods A total of 78 older COPD patients were randomly assigned to the PR group ( n = 39) or PDA-PR group ( n = 39). Both groups were conducted hybrid in-person and virtual PR intervention for 3 months. The primary outcomes were patients’ quality of life and PR adherence. The secondary outcomes were dyspnea symptoms, exercise self-efficacy, knowledge, and decision-related outcomes. Results A total of 72 participants completed the 3-month PR program. There were statistically significant differences in PR adherence ( p = 0.033), COPD assessment test (CAT) scores ( p = 0.016), PR knowledge ( p < 0.001), decision self-efficacy ( p < 0.001), decision conflict ( p < 0.001), and decision regret scores ( p = 0.027) between the two groups. The modified Medical Research Council Dyspnoea scale (mMRC) score was significantly decreased only in PDA-PR group ( p = 0.011). No statistically significant differences were observed in St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) score ( p = 0.078), Exercise Self-Regulatory Efficacy Scale (Ex-SRES) score ( p = 0.29) and COPD knowledge ( p = 0.086) between the two groups. PR value score had a significant effect on adherence to PR ( p = 0.007) and CAT score ( p = 0.028). Conclusions PDA supported recurring SDM intervention was helpful in maintaining older COPD patients’ PR adherence and had advantages in improving quality of life, enhancing PR knowledge, decision self-efficacy, and reducing decision conflict and decision regret, but did not improve SGRQ and Ex-SRES. PR value score influenced patients’ rehabilitation adherence and quality of life. Trial Registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR): ChiCTR1900028563; http://apps.who.int/trialsearch/default.aspx.

Providing early lung transplantation referral services should be considered to reduce pre-transplant mortality in patients with advanced disease. This study aimed to explore the reasons for lung transplantation referral decisions in patients and provide evidence for the development of transplantation referral services. This was a qualitative, retrospective, and descriptive study involving conventional content analysis. Patients in evaluation, listing, and post-transplant stages were interviewed. A total of 35 participants (25 male and 10 female) were interviewed. Four main themes were defined: (1) expectations for lung transplantation leading to the decision (a gamble for a silver lining, a return to normal life, and occupation); (2) facing uncertain outcomes (personal luck arranging everything; belief in success; incidents leading to “It’s decided then”; hesitation when making a decision due to fear); (3) facing various information from peers, doctors, and so on; (4) complex policy and societal support (providing transplantation referral services earlier, family attachment and oral approval responses contribute to the referral decision, and so on). The findings of this study might enrich existing referral services, including training for family members and healthcare providers, a checklist and package of critical events in the patient lung transplantation referral decision-making process, precision services based on behavioral personas, and a curriculum to enhance patient decision self-efficacy.

Background: Pulmonary rehabilitation is an important part of the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but the participation rate of pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD patients is low. Patient decision aids can facilitate patient participation in pulmonary rehabilitation decisions by providing information and incorporating patient values. The aim of this study was to develop a pulmonary rehabilitation decision aid for patients with COPD. Objective: The aim of this study was to develop a WeChat-based pulmonary rehabilitation patient decision aid to help older patients with COPD participate in pulmonary rehabilitation decision-making. Methods: We developed the decision aid in 3 stages: (1) a literature review was performed to determine the evidence for pulmonary rehabilitation options and outcomes for patients with COPD. (2) a semi-structured interview study was conducted to develop and iterate patient decision aids. (3) usability, acceptability and language expression testing in patients and healthcare professionals. Results: A total of 16 randomized controlled studies were included in the literature review. Thirty-six participants received semistructured interviews. The results of interview include four themes: key points of age-friendly design, content of the tool, presentation requirements of contents and study evidence of the tool and other views and suggestions. The resultant goals-of-care decision aid achieved good usability and acceptability. The frequency of language expression increased in both patients and healthcare professionals. Conclusion:This study uses a systematic development process to develop the first pulmonary rehabilitation decision aid for patients with COPD. It has good usability, acceptability and increased communication between patients and healthcare professionals in the pulmonary rehabilitation decision-making process. Trial Registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR): ChiCTR1900028563; http://apps.who.int/trialsearch/default.aspx.

BACKGROUND Pulmonary rehabilitation is an important part of the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but the participation rate of pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD patients is low. Patient decision aids can facilitate patient participation in pulmonary rehabilitation decisions by providing information and incorporating patient values. The aim of this study was to develop a pulmonary rehabilitation decision aid for patients with COPD. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to develop a wechat-based pulmonary rehabilitation patient decision aid to help older patients with COPD participate in pulmonary rehabilitation decision-making. METHODS We developed the decision aid in 3 stages: (1) a literature review was performed to determine the evidence for pulmonary rehabilitation options and outcomes for patients with COPD. (2) a semi-structured interview study was conducted to develop and iterate patient decision aids. (3) usability, acceptability and language expression testing in patients and healthcare professionals. RESULTS A total of 16 randomized controlled studies were included in the literature review. 36 participants received semi-structured interviews The results of interview include four themes: key points of age-friendly design, content of the tool, presentation requirements of contents and study evidence of the tool and other views and suggestions. The resultant goals-of-care decision aid achieved good usability and acceptability. The frequency of language expression increased in both patients and healthcare professionals. CONCLUSIONS This study uses a systematic development process to develop the first pulmonary rehabilitation decision aid for patients with COPD. It has good usability, acceptability and increased communication between patients and healthcare professionals in the pulmonary rehabilitation decision-making process. CLINICALTRIAL hinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR): ChiCTR1900028563; http://apps.who.int/trialsearch/default.aspx